ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA one‐year prospective survey was conducted to study the incidence of and potential risk factors for farm‐related injuries in Eastern Ontario. One hundred and seventeen dairy and beef farms were surveyed using a personal interview. Information was collected on demographic characteristics of the farm owners, workers, and families; characteristics of the farm operations; and information on behaviors potentially affecting injury risk. Monthly telephone contact was then maintained with the farms for one year in order to document all farm‐related injuries. Overall and specific injury rates were calculated. Treatment patterns for these injuries were described. The statistical significance of several potential risk factors for injury was evaluated; assessment of relative risk estimates (RR) and adjustment for confounding factors was done using logistic regression analysis. The overall farm injury rate was 7.0 persons injured per 100 person‐years (95% C.I.: 4.9,9.1, n = 547). Common patterns of injury by ICD‐9 E‐Code included accidents caused by farm machinery (E919.0), accidental falls (E880‐8), and injuries caused by animals (E906). Variables found in multivariate logistic models to be predictive of injury occurrence were living on a beef farm (RR = 2.5; p = 0.01); increased farm work experience (trend: p<0.01); full‐time exposure to farm work (RR = 2.5; p = 0.04); and, in farm owners, the use of prescription medications (RR = 2.7; p = 0.07). Forty‐six percent of the farm‐related injuries were treated in a hospital‐based emergency department (ER). Efforts to monitor the incidence of farm injuries using an ER‐based information system have the potential to significantly under‐estimate the scope of the regional farm injury problem in Eastern Ontari

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to better understand the work‐related injuries sustained on central New York dairy farms, we undertook a two‐year population‐based study of 600 farmers and farm workers on 201 dairy farms. During the observation period, 1984‐1986, 151 persons had 200 injuries, giving an injury rate of 16.6%/year (166 injuries/1,000 workers/year). Men were injured more often than women (p ≤ 0.01). Injured workers were older (p ≤ 0.01), worked more hours (p ≤ 0.001), and had heavier workloads than noninjured workers (p ≤ 0.001). The growing and harvest seasons had the most injuries; winter the fewest. More than 2/3 of the injuries occurred in the afternoon. Owner/operators, often the most experienced, knowledgeable people on the farms, were most often hurt. Those working more than 60 hours/week, with greater than 30 acres under tillage/worker, had a relative risk of 2.76 compared with all other workers. The attributable risk for this group was 51%. There were two fatalities, both involved owner/operators. Our findings suggest that previous studies may have underestimated the risks faced by farmers. Dairy farming in central New York is very dangerous work. Those who own and operate these dairy farms are most often hurt and killed. Analysis of events on individual farms will be reported separately. © 1992

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was performed to examine the cancer risk of Danish gardeners having been highly exposed to pesticides. We have followed a cohort of 4,015 employed gardeners (859 females and 3,156 males) from May 1975 until the end of 1984 with regard to cancer incidence. The observed incidence was compared with expected numbers calculated from national incidence rates. For all cancer sites combined, the standardized morbidity ratio (SMbR) was 104. Among male gardeners a significantly increased incidence was seen for soft tissue sarcoma (SMbR = 526, 95% confidence interval (CI): 109‐1,538), and chronic lymphatic leukemia (SMbR = 275, 95% CI: 101‐599). The incidence of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was twice that which was expected (SMbR = 200, 95% CI: 86‐393). We suggest that some of the pesticides to which the gardeners have been exposed are capable of initiating or promoting the development of malignant neoplasms in tissues of mesenchymal origin. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn compliance with the mandatory medical surveillance of workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in Italy, isoenzyme fractioning of serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) was performed on 141 workers of both sexes and on 130 control subjects.None of the workers showed any clinical symptoms of liver disease and their enzymatic profiles, including AST, ALT, 5′‐NU, ALP, and GGT, were within the normal reference limits. A statistically significant increase in total GGT serum level was found in the exposed subjects, which was associated with an increase in one of the two fractions normally present in healthy individuals (GGT‐2), as well as with the appearance and progressive increase of the level of a fraction (GGT‐4) considered to be an expression of hepato‐biliary impairment.Further research is ongoing among these workers, which will clarify whether or not electrophoretic GGT tests may be useful in detecting liver function changes due to occupational exposure to PCE. © 1992 Wil

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the clinical relevance of urinary delta‐aminolevulinic acid concentration adjusted to the logarithm of creatinine concentration (ALA/log.Cn) proved to be better than that of uncorrected ALA or ALA/Cn ratio for the detection of blood lead levels (Pb‐B) exceeding 2.5, 3.0, or 3.5 μmol/l in 483 men occupationally exposed to lead. Ala/log.Cn yielded validities of 1.63, 1.75, and 1.79 at Pb‐B levels 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 μmol/l, respectively. The same values for ALA/Cn were 1.59, 1.70, 1.78 and for ALA 1.52, 1.65, 1.72, respectively. The simple adjustment to log.Cn makes urinary ALA determination more efficient in biological monitoring of the effect of occupational lead exposure. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe reviewed the certificates of 39,650 deaths which occurred in the period 1975‐1988 in Leghorn and of 45,900 in La Spezia (Italy) in the period 1958–1988.In total 262 cases have been recorded as pleural mesothelioma. The main occupational exposures occurred in the shipbuilding industry.Regarding non‐occupational exposures to asbestos, 13 cases of mesothelioma were found in women who had washed the work clothes of their relatives at home; we also found other domestic uses of asbestos which were rarely or never discussed previously in the literature: six cases might be explained by the installation of fireproof or non‐conductive materials in the domestic environment.These exposures probably are more frequent than realized until now. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHospital discharge data from New Jersey were used to identify cases of asbestosis for the 8 years 1979–1986. Multiple admissions were deleted so that each individual was counted once at the time of his/her first hospitalization with an asbestosis diagnosis. White males had the highest age‐adjusted average annual discharge rate of 19.3 cases/100,000 population, followed by black males (12.3 cases/100,000) and white females (1.2 cases/100,000). The discharge rate was positively associated with age in each race/sex category. The relationship between rates for black males and white males depended on age: under 65 years, the rates were almost equal, and at 65 years and older, the white rates were nearly twice the black rates. There were two areas of the state where the rates were highest: the north‐central and southwest regions. These two areas represent manufacturing and shipbuilding applications of asbestos, respectively. During the years 1979–1986, the annual percentage increase in asbestosis rates was 20% for white males, 17% for black males, and 8% for white females. Continued surveillance will reveal when the rates for asbestosis stop increasing. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNumerous epidemiological studies have established that occupational exposures and smoking are the two major known risk factors for the development of bladder cancer. Using data from the Missouri Cancer Registry, we investigated the hypothesis that individuals with occupationally‐related bladder cancer are more likely to have a more invasive form of the disease. Data were analyzed for 2,893 white males diagnosed with primary bladder cancer in Missouri between 1984 and 1988. Of the 1,415 cases whose occupational status was recorded, 236 (17%) were employed in high‐risk occupations. Cases with high‐grade disease were more likely to have been employed in a high‐risk occupation, after adjustment for age and smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.1–2.6). High‐risk workers under 60 years of age were most at risk for developing high‐grade bladder tumors (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0–5.3). There was no overall association between high‐risk occupation and late‐stage disease (AOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.7–1.5), but it was present in the men younger than 60 years of age (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0–3.8). No association was found between tobacco use and grade (AOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8–1.5), but cases with late‐stage disease were more likely to be smokers (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–1.9). When occupations were examined individually, motor vehicle operators, truck drivers, vehicle mechanics, other mechanics, and janitors were among those most likely to be diagnosed with high‐grade or late‐stage tumors. Although further studies are necessary to confirm these results, they suggest that surveillance and targeted screening of workers in high‐risk occupations may result in a greater yield of early invasive cancers and possibly decrease the mortality associated with t

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnderground U.S. coal miners were studied cross‐sectionally for the association of respirable coal mine dust exposure with pulmonary function and symptoms of airways obstruction. The study group included 1,185 miners participating in Round 4 of the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis who had started mining in or after 1970 when comprehensive exposure regulations first came into effect. Quantitative estimates of cumulative exposure, derived using respirable dust measurements taken by the Mine Safety and Health Administration over the entire study period, were used in linear and logistic regression models on indicators of pulmonary function and chest symptoms while controlling for smoking status, pack‐years, and other potential confounders. Statistically significant associations between log cumulative exposure and decrements in FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were observed. In logistic models, statistically significant associations of cumulative exposure with increasing prevalence of FEV1and FEV1/FVC less than 80% predicted and symptoms including chronic phlegm, chronic bronchitis, breathlessness, wheeze, and wheeze with shortness of breath were found. It is concluded that exposures to respirable coal mine dust present in U.S. mines since 1970 continue to affect respiratory health in underground miners. © 1992 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY