ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn the basis of previous investigations from occupational medicine, neurology, and neuropyschology, a retrospective evaluation was made of 21 painters in whom chronic toxic encephalopathy following exposure to organic solvents had been diagnosed during a stay in the Neurology Department of Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, in the period 1976–1980. All the painters had given up their jobs for this reason. The assumption of a causal relationship between the exposure and the intellectual impairment was supported by a possible dose‐effect relationship. The chronic toxic symptoms had considerable social consequences. Five years later, ten had not gotten other jobs. The lack of working ability was correlated to advancing age, increasing exposure, and increasing intellectual impairment. According to the results of the study, conditions at work places ought to be changed in such a way that harmful exposure can be prevented in the fut

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNickel concentrations in human tissues and gallbladder bile were determined by analysis of postmortem specimens from ten consecutive autopsies of adult persons. The tissue samples were collected and homogenized with precautions to avoid nickel contamination and were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry with Zeemann background correction. In decreasing order of mean nickel concentrations, the following results were obtained (mean and range, μg/kg dry weight, N = 7–10): lung 173 (71–371), thyroid 141 (41–240), adrenal 132 (53–241), kidney 62 (19–171), heart 54 (10–110), liver 50 (11–102), brain 44 (20–65), spleen 37 (9–95), and pancreas 34 (7–71). In five specimens of gallbladder bile, nickel concentrations averaged 2.3 ± 0.8 μg/l (range 1.5–3.3). These data (a) furnish reference values for use in evaluating tissue nickel concentrations in persons with occupational exposures to nickel, (b) provide the first demonstration that nickel concentrations in thyroid and adrenal glands are approximately equal to those in lung and are higher than in other organs, and (c) suggest that biliary excretion may be a significant route for the elimina

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1982, a Danish cohort study was initiated of workers in the manufacture of 2,4‐dichlorophenol‐ and 4‐chloro‐ortho‐cresol‐based phenoxy herbicides, after a governmental working group had indicated the need for further data on the long‐term health consequences of exposure to these phenoxy herbicides. A cohort study of workers in the manufacture of these substances was considered to be a valuable supplement to the Swedish case‐control studies of patients exposed mainly in spraying. Manufacture of phenoxy herbicides was commenced in Denmark by Kemisk Vaerk Koege (KVK) in 1947, and this company has produced 2,4‐D and MCPA, and later 2,4‐DP and MCPP. Very limited amounts of 2,4,5‐T have been processed in this plant, mainly in the formation of esters based on a purchased acid. Manufacture of MCPA was commenced by Esbjerg Kemikaliefabrik (EK) in 1951, and this production was later supplemented with 2,4‐DP. Furthermore, MCPA was produced by Cheminova and Danske Gasvaerkers Tjaerekompagni for short periods in the late 1950s. All persons employed at KVK and EK from the time when these plants began operation, in 1933 and 1951 respectively, until 1982 were intended to be included in this cohort study. The registration was based on company records and, from 1964 onward, supplemented with data from a public pension scheme (ATP). Linkage of company records from KVK with ATP records for the overlapping period 1964–1980 showed 2,163 persons to be known in both datasets, whereas 614 persons were known only from the ATP records. The data collection has consequently shown that ATP provides a valuable data source for control of company records in Denmark. For the study period before 1964, the number of registered employees could be controlled by comparison with the number of employees reported by the companies on questionnaires for the national industrial statistics 1945–1969. In the analysis of this cohort study, special attention was given to soft tissue sarcomas and malignant lymphomas, which are the diagnostic groups associated with exposure to phenoxy herbicides in the Swedish case‐control studies. Soft tissue sarcomas, in both organs and connective tissue, can be identified using the classifications found

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn assay for type III procollagen peptide (P‐III‐P) was applied to serum from 80 asbestos insulation workers in order to evaluate its relationship with pulmonary and pleural fibrosis. The serum peptide levels of 16 control workers were 7.8 ± 2.0 ng/ml (mean ± SD). An association between the serum values of P‐III‐P and the profusion of small irregular opacities on chest X‐rays was noted. The levels in the group with moderate interstitial pulmonary fibrosis [profusion category 2 (2/1, 2/2, and 2/3)] and with marked interstitial pulmonary fibrosis [profusion category 3(3/3)]were 9.9 ± 2.3 ng/ml (n = 5) and thus tended to be higher than those of 16 control workers (p<0.1). On the other hand, there was not correlation between serum peptide levels and pleural lesions nor between the former and duration of asbestos exposure. From the results of the investigation [part I of which is reported elsewhere (Okazaki et al, 1986)] this assay may be useful for detecting individuals with a more marked tendency for progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis due to asbestos exposure in ins

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe potential hazards to maintenance personnel cleaning hot‐spring reservoirs are reported following two severe and unusual episodes of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning involving seven workers. In the first episode, five victims lost consciousness immediately after climbing down a manhole to the bottom of a reservoir disregarding a strong odor of rotten eggs. One of them died immediately. Of the four who lived, three developed hemorrhagic keratoconjunctivitis and aspiration pneumonia, but no sequelae were observed 2 years later. In the second episode, two workers had been cleaning the reservoir for about 2 hours when one collapsed and his companion went to seek help. Both died of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to pulmonary edema within 12 hours. Since hot‐spring bathing is a popular recreation in Taiwan, other accidents of hydrogen sulfide poisoning may have occurred but have not been reported. Such clinical information is helpful to enable regulators to initiate proper precautions to safeguard those workers invol

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo hundred thirty‐one deaths occurred in the construction industry in Washington State between 1973 and 1983, an average annual mortality rate of 27.5 per 100,000 workers. Falls, cave‐ins, and electrocutions resulting from heavy equipment (boom type) contacting overhead power lines together accounted for 45.4% of the fatalities. Heavy construction had a death rate twice that of the other two construction subgroups (building and special trades construction). There was a significant trend towards increasing mortality with decreasing company size (p=0.03). Drilling machine operators, welders, flamecutters, reinforcing‐iron workers, and heavy‐equipment operators had the highest proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs). PMRs for workers generally increased with age. Many of these fatal construction injuries would not have occurred had existing safety regulations been o

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case‐control study was conducted in the tire and rubber manufacturing industry to examine the association of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with rubber manufacturing materials presumed to be contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sixty‐five cases were compared to 254 matched controls for exposure to carbon black, extender oils, lubricating oils, rubber solvents, and rubber stock. Both magnitude and duration of exposure were compared using data from company personnel records. Rubber stock and lubricating oils were associated with skin cancer. The relative risk (RR) associated with the highest levels of rubber stock exposure was 2.2, and with the highest level of lubricating oil exposure it was 6.5. In analysis of subgroups of study members, the associations were strongest among workers who were born after 1900 (rubber stock, RR = 11.6; lubricating oil, RR = 4.5) and among workers whose skin cancer was diagnosed before the age of seventy (rubber stock, RR = 23.2; lubricating oil, RR = 28

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn conjunction with industrial hygiene surveys, mutagenicity studies were performed for the airborne contaminants in three polyurethane manufacturing plants. Airborne particles were collected on glass‐fiber filters with Hi‐Vol pumps from different locations in each plant. Gases were collected in multiple‐sorbent cartridges. The collected airborne particles and sorbent cartridges were extracted with organic solvents. Each extract was tested for mutagenic activity usingSalmonella typhimuriumTA98 and TA100. The results showed that airborne particles from all three plants are mutagenic to TA98 with or without S9 activation. The mutagenicity with S9, however, was two to four times higher than that without S9. None of the samples of gases collected on sorbent cartridges showed mutagenic act

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700110411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY