ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate translocation of asbestos fibers, tissue samples from 13 North American insulators were examined, using electron microscopy. Of the two major types of asbestos, chrysotile and amosite, chrysotile was found to be much more active in the translocation than amosite, being the fiber mainly detected in mesotheliomas and hyaline plaques.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a case‐control study, 403 male patients with a diagnosis of “bladder tumor” and (as controls) 426 patients suffering from prostate disease were investigated. The results of this study indicate that past employment as a painter was associated with an excess risk of bladder tumor. The relative risk of bladder tumor estimated for painters was 2.76. The possible role of benzidine‐based azodyes (or azodyes based on substituted benzidines) as a carcinogenic risk factor for painters is di

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred eight‐seven workers (mean age ± SD; 42 ± 8.8 years) in two paint manufacturing plants were examined to determine if sustained low‐level exposure to mixed organic solvents resulted in the painters' syndrome (a psycho‐organic syndrome). The test battery consisted of a medical and occupational questionnaire, the Present State Examination, the Zung Depression Scale, the Scandinavian Questionnaire 16, a neu‐ropsychological battery, and vibration thresholds. Solvent exposure, expressed as total hydrocarbon of combined selected solvents, was quantitated using 13–15 years of personal breathing zone samplings. Linear regression analysis controlling for several confounding variables demonstrated significant correlations between increasing exposure to mixed organic solvents and neurobehavioral performance for vibration threshold and several neuropsychological tests. Dose‐related effects of chronic solvent exposure on neurobehavioral outcomes (all subclinical) were shown, but “typical” symptoms characteristic of the painter's syndro

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an earlier case‐referent study from a soft‐paper mill with levels of paper dust exceeding 5 mg/m3, an increased mortality was found (OR = 3.8, p ≤ 0.05) from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the employed. Furthermore, other studies on paper mill workers have also indicated an increased mortality from lung cancer. The main objectives of the present case‐referent study were to investigate the mortality from asthma, COPD, and lung cancer in two other Swedish paper mills. In these mills, the levels of paper dust have been below 3 mg/m3. The subjects for the study were all men who died between 1961 and 1985 from asthma and COPD (n = 31), respiratory cancer (n = 27), and stomach cancer (n = 33) selected in three parishes surrounding two paper mills. As referents we randomly selected about six times as many men who had died from nonmalignant nonrespiratory diseases in these parishes (n = 550). On the basis of information found in the personnel records in the mills, the men were classified into different occupational categories or as unexposed. No increased risk of asthma or COPD was found among the workers exposed to paper dust. However, it was found that there was significantly increased mortality (OR = 5.7, p ≤ 0.05) for asthma and COPD among workers in a previous log sorting department. The study also showed a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.1, p ≤ 0.05) among maintenance workers. There was no increased risk of stomach cancer in the study. The results from the study suggest that maintenance workers at paper mills have an increased risk of developing lung cancer, which may be an effect of earlier asbestos exposure. The increased risk for asthma and COPD among the log sorters merits further investigation. In the present study, exposure to low concentrations of paper dust was not found to increase the mortality from ast

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of OSHA fatality investigations for 1984–1987 found 104 work‐related deaths in children. The largest category (30%) involved industrial vehicles and equipment. followed by electrocution (17%) and falls (11%). Forty‐three deaths (41%) occurred while engaged in types of work prohibited for children by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Three deaths involved work with conveyors, an activity currently permitted for child workers under FLSA. OSHA issued citations for safety violations in 70% of deaths. Since OSHA investigates only some work‐related deaths, the actual number of child labor fatalities during the four year period was probably higher. Using information from OSHA and from death certificate data, we estimate that there are at least 100 work‐related deaths in the United States in children under 18 each year. Hazardous child labor continues to occur even in industries regulated by OSHA

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChild labor, the penultimate form of cheap labor, is endemic in poor countries; it also occurs in affluent countries. Little information has been available on injuries, disease, and effects on growth and development in the tens of millions of children at risk. Preventive and control measures are eliminating the gross abuses, tracing and banning hazardous exposures to toxic agents, eliminating risks of injuries and ergonomic strain, providing health services for working children through the primary health care network, and developing international failsafe design standards for tools and work systems, if these children must work. There is a need to train public health professionals, pediatricians, and maternal and child health care personnel in carrying out simple descriptive epidemiologic studies and setting up interventive programs. Eliminating the worst conditions and controlling hazards where there is no imminent alternative to child labor are suggested as the basis for a two‐pronged strategy for protecting children who are forced to wor

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of handling antineoplastic drugs was examined in 42 nurses working in an oncology department, and the same number of nurses not exposed to antineoplastic drugs acted as controls. The exposure effect was evaluated by analysis of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) incidence and structural chromosomal abnormalities. SCE as well as chromosomal abnormalities in the exposed group were increased (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively). Sign test for paired sample was used for statistical assessm

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn occupational sentinel health event (SHE[O]) is a disease, disability, or untimely death, which is occupationally related and whose occurrence may: 1) provide the impetus for epidemiologic or industrial hygiene studies; or 2) serve as a warning signal that materials substitution, engineering control, personal protection, or medical care may be required. Following survey of scientific literature, a list of 50 disease conditions linked to the workplace was presented in 1983; these were codable within the framework of the International Classification of Diseases system (ICD‐9). Three criteria were used for inclusion: documentation of associated agent(s), of involved industries, and of involved occupations. The up‐dated list contains 64 diseases or conditions and a bibliography of literature citations. The list is useful for the practicing physician in occupational disease recognition, for occupational morbidity and mortality surveillance, and as a periodically up‐dated database of occupationally related dis

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY