ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLead concentrations (μg/g wet weight) in human bone (tibia) were measured noninvasively in vivo employing an X‐ray fluorescence technique. Forty‐five workers who had been subjected to chronic industrial exposure were found to have a mean bone lead content of 52.9 μg/g wet weight (0 to 198 μg/g). In addition to bone lead content, blood lead, body burden of lead as assessed by urinary lead excretion after EDTA chelation, zinc protoporphyrin, and unstimulated urinary lead excretion were evaluated. The results suggest that the in vivo measurement of tibia lead content may serve as an acceptable indicator of body lead burden and provide a practical technique for lead screening purposes. The correlation coefficient between X‐ray fluorescence findings and lead excretion following Ca‐EDTA administration is 0.6

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe size distribution measurements of lead aerosol from a brass foundry and primary lead smelter are used to simulate blood lead distributions applying a pharmacokinetic model developed by Bernard. The predicted distribution of blood lead levels determined using the actual size distribution of lead aerosol are compared to the blood lead levels predicted according to the model assumptions adopted in setting the OSHA lead standard. In the furnace area of the smelter and the pouring area of the foundry the predicted mean blood lead level is higher than that found in the standard whereas, in the smelter's sintering and mixing operation the blood lead level is less than that suggested by the standard. The data support the conclusion that size‐selective sampling needs to be considered for incorporation into the OSHA lead standar

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was performed to clarify a possible role of atopy in the occurrence of acute bronchoconstrictive impairment observed in some workers in a plant using the Alu‐Swiss process for the electrolytic extraction of aluminum. Of 227 workers examined the percentage of those with a history of atopy and positive skin tests for common allergens was within the expected range. Six had positive patch test with 2% NaF. Among seven workers with paroxysmal wheezing and dyspnea, of whom three were only light smokers, three had positive skin test with common allergens but only one of them had an increased IgE value. The same worker also had positive patch test for 2% NaF. The average age of workers with paroxysmal wheezing and dyspnea was 32.6 years, and only two had symptoms defined as chronic bronchitis. Although their forced expiratory volumes, with two exceptions, measured at the beginning of work shift were within normal limits, in most of those workers bronchial hyperreactivity was also objectively assessed using nonspecific bronchoprovocative tests with histamine (or metacholine). The results support our previous findings that acute respiratory impairment in some workers is most probably based on bronchial hyperreactivity and not on an allergic mechanis

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBechtel et al [Am Rev Respir Dis 124:759–761, 1981] have reported a high prevalence of positive methacholine challenge tests in patients with sarcoidosis. We report a patient with sarcoidosis who was identified because of symptoms resulting from exposure to workplace irritants. The presence of hyperreactive airways was confirmed by a positive methacholine challeng

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOthers have found proteolytic activity in cotton dust and correlated this with the prevalence of acute byssinosis. The present study characterized the proteases in aqueous extracts of cotton dust after controlling for potential artifact from microbial contamination. We tested cotton dust, generated in a model card room operated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), for total proteolytic activity (hydrolysis of azocasein) and elastolytic activity (degradation of insoluble3H‐elastin). Both coarse dust and a respirable fraction (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.7μm) yielded proteolytic activity. Proteolysis was inhibited by EDTA (39%), diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) (33%) and alpha‐1‐proteinase inhibitor (α1PI) (30%), but not by iodoacetic acid or pepstatin. Elastolytic activity was also present, and was inhibited by DFP (80%) and α1PI (70%), but not by EDTA. We conclude that cotton dust contains preformed metallo‐ and serine proteases, and serine elastolytic protease(s) which are incompletely inhibited by α1PI. These findings may be relevant to the development of chronic lung disease in people exposed t

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighteen female and 18 male students (21–30 years) slept in the lab during 12 consecutive nights each, where a high‐density road traffic noise was played back with four intensities. EEG and EOG were recorded continuously throughout the nights. In the morning the subjects assessed their sleep and completed a reaction time test. The following conclusions were made: 1) Performance was not affected by noise. REM sleep decreased abruptly as soon as the sound pressure level exceeded 44 dBA. With increasing noise, sleep was assessed as increasingly worse. 2) Noise‐induced sleep disturbances were not related to sex. 3) The equivalent sound pressure level measured for high‐density road traffic seems to be a valuable predictor for subjective sleep disturbances as long as the maximum levels do not exceed it by more than 8–10 dBA. On the basis of the assessment of sleep and supported by the abrupt decrease of REM sleep, an equivalent noise level of 40 dBA indoors was defined as a critical load, above which nocturnal noise cannot be tolerated a

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPotential health hazards associated with work at waste water treatment plants include bacteria, viruses and protozoa in domestic waste and heavy metals and other hazardous substances in industrial wastes. The primary exposure route for hazardous material is through inhalation of aerosols generated in the secondary phase of water treatment that contain pathogenic organisms. Although few epidemiological studies have investigated the health of waste water treatment facility workers, hazards noted have been limited to acute, self‐limited gastrointestinal illnesses. Due to the potential for long term or subtle adverse health effects, a medical surveillance program is proposed that includes attention to infectious diseases, such as hepatitis and to illness/absenteeism record

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn association between bladder cancer and employment as an artistic painter was found in two study populations. A proportionate mortality analysis of death certificates of professional artists indicated a greater than twofold excess for bladder cancer mortality among painters. This association was further investigated in a large case‐control interview study of bladder cancer patients where an overall relative risk estimate of 2.5 was found among artistic painters. Excess deaths from leukemia and arteriosclerotic heart disease also occurred in the proportionate mortality study. Information was not available to determine exposure to specific substances that may have been responsible for these observations; however, efforts should be made to limit exposure to art materials known to be hazardou

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700090311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY