摘要:

this is a review of the interactionsbetween cells and their extracellular matrices and Polypeptide growth factors. The review not only attempts to provide a basic understanding of the functions of extracellular matrices and Polypeptide growth factors but, in addition, suggests the role these biological molecules may play in periodontal regeneration. It is conceivable that future periodontal therapy will include the treatment of a scaled root with biological response modifiers to predictably attain a true new connective tissue attachment.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.371

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the purpose of this examiner‐blindstudy was threefold: (1) to compare the microbial counts obtained by two different techniques for assessing bacterial motility, (2) to assess the inter‐rater reliability of these two techniques and (3) to evaluate the effect of a water irrigating device (Water Pik®) on bacterial motility at 3‐ and 6‐mm probing depths. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 10 healthy patients having at least two sites that probed>6 mm, (one control, one experimental). Half of the patients were sampled at 3 mm, the other half at 6 mm, both at baseline (Day 0) and at Day 21. Two slides were prepared from each plaque sample, one for dark‐field evaluation and one stained with a simplified silver‐plating technique for flagella. All slides were read simultaneously by 3 observers, and the per cent motility calculated for spirochetes, motiles and all others. Strong positive inter‐rater reliability correlations ranging fromr= 0.95 tor= 0.99 were found for both the dark‐field and flagella staining techniques. Spirochete counts obtained by both techniques were highly correlated (r= 0.91), whereas counts for motiles resulted in negative correlations between the techniques. Dark‐field counts were consistently higher than the flagella stain counts for motile rods. Spirochetes were reduced, but not significantly, after irrigation of both 3‐mm and 6mm sites. Bacterial motility can be evaluated by both dark‐field and flagella‐staining techniques with a high degree of inter‐rater reliability.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.381

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

purified endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide fromBacteroides gingivalisandBacteroides inlermediuscaused a similar dose‐dependent inhibition of growth of cultured human gingival fibroblasts as determined by3H‐thymidine incorporation and direct cell count. Approximately 200μg/ml endotoxin caused a 50% reduction in3H‐thymidine uptake of logarithmically growing cells. Inhibition of growth was similar in cultures of fibroblasts derived from either healthy or diseased human gingiva. When examining the change in cell number with time of exposure in culture, the rate of proliferation was significantly suppressed during the logarithmic phase of growth. However, the cells recovered so that the rate of proliferation, although reduced, was sufficient to produce a cell density similar to the control cells with prolonged culture. The endotoxins were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The profiles of theBacteroidesendotoxins were different.B. gingivalisendotoxin showed a wide range of distinct bands indicating a heterogeneous distribution of molecular species. Endotoxin fromB. intermediusexhibited a few discrete low molecular weight bands, but the majority of the lipopolysaccharides electrophoresed as a diffuse band of high molecular weight material. The apparent heterogeneity of the twoBacteroidesendotoxins and the similarity in growth inhibitory capacity suggest that growth inhibitory effects of these substances cannot be attributed to any Polysaccharide species of endotoxin.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.387

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

material with endotoxin activity has beendetected in extracts prepared from pooled, periodontally involved teeth, and it has been shown that root planing in vivo reduces the level of such material. However, questions concerning the concentration of endotoxin on the diseased surfaces of individual teeth and questions concerning how rapidly individual root planed tooth surfaces retoxifyin vivohave not been addressed previously. Citric acid extracts were prepared from individual, periodontally diseased teeth that had been extracted either from the oral cavity without prior root planing or at varying times up to 12 weeks following root planing. Using a chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay, we were able to quantitate the amount of endotoxin associated with diseased root surfaces of individual teeth. We concluded that the extracted material contained endotoxin since it activated LAL and since the LAL‐activation was heat‐stable, acid‐stable and neutralizeable by polymyxin B. The levels of endotoxin found on the root surfaces of these individual, periodontally involved teeth at varying times followingin vivoroot planing support the following conclusions: (1) the concentration of endotoxin present on diseased root surfaces is markedly reduced, but not eliminated, by in vivo root planing, (2) significant retoxification of root planed surfaces occurs within a relatively short time period after root planing and (3) biological responses to such toxification conceivably may lead to subsequent phases having reduced levels of endotoxin.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.393

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the clinical, histopathologic and functionalconsequences of the genetic deficiency of leukocyte Mac‐1, LFA‐1 and p150,95 were assessed among (1) three affected patients, (2) heterozygotes and (3) unaffected individuals among two generations of a single kindred. Longitudinal assessments of this family afforded the unique opportunity to characterize the natural history of severe periodontal manifestations associated with this disorder. Features uniformly observed among each patient included recurrent, necrotic soft tissue infections, impaired pus formation, delayed wound healing, constant granulocytosis, severe abnormalities of adhesion‐dependent granulocyte functions and a profound deficiency (3%–6% of normal) of Mac‐1 glycoproteins on granulocyte surfaces. Characteristic features of generalized prepubertal periodontitis including rapidly progressive alveolar bone loss affecting the primary and permanent dentitions (leading to premature tooth loss), recession, clefting and migration in association with intense gingival inflammation were uniformly observed. Biopsies of inflamed periodontal tissues in these individuals demonstrated dense infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes but a striking absence of extravascular neutrophil granulocytes. Heterozygous family members demonstrated approximately half normal Mac‐1 protein expression but no susceptibility to systemic infections and normal, adhesion‐dependent leukocyte functions. Prepubescent heterozygotes demonstrated no periodontal manifestations but a 31‐year‐old heterozygous female exhibited clinical and radiographic features typical of postjuvenile periodontitis. The profound periodontal manifestations recognized in this clinical‐pathologic model emphasize the physiologic importance of leukocyte adhesion reactions in defense of the periodontium and further suggest a possible pathologic role for Mac‐1 proteins in other forms of early‐onset periodontitis.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.400

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

langerhans cells (lc) are cell typesfound in the skin and gingiva. LC have immunological functions as phagocytic cells and as antigen‐presenting cells for T and B lymphocytes. Sections from biopsies of the gingiva in cases of periodontal disease were found to have increased numbers of LC. These biopsies also contained intragingival bacteria. Serial sections of frozen specimens of human gingiva were prepared for staining. Hematoxylin and eosin were used for tissue survey, the Gram stain for assessment of bacterial invasion, anti‐Leu‐6 monoclonal antibody associated with peroxidase technique (PAP) to identify LC, antibacterial sera toBacteroides gingivalisandActinobacUlus actinomycetemcomitansassociated with peroxidase to specifically identify these two common periodontopathogenic bacteria. Additional positive identification of bacteria was performed by preparing the same histological section containing gram‐stained particles for scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope LC confirmation. The results suggest that the increased number of LC seen in diseased sites of oral epithelium containing intragingival microorganisms may be one of the host immune mechanisms to penetration by bacteria.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.417

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A CO2laser (coherent medical model 400) was used toirradiate the gingival tissue of a cynomolgous monkey to determine laser effects on the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. A focal length of 400 mm and a 10‐watt power setting at 0.2‐ and 0.5second exposure was used. Biopsy results indicated that a 0.2‐second duration of CO2laser irradiation was inadequate to completely de‐epithelialize the gingival tissue. A 0.5‐second exposure exhibited complete epithelial destruction with little or no disturbance of the underlying connective tissue layer and viable connective tissue 1.0 mm below the impact site.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.423

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Afibrin‐sealing system consisting ofsymmetrical flap and graft procedures versus silk sutures in a split‐mouth clinical trial was tested in 51 patients. Clinical parameters and operative times were recorded and compared. In clinical use, the fibrin glue provided quick hemostasis and adequate tissue adhesion on the whole inner surface of grafts or flaps. Its use saved remarkable amounts of time and made it easier to fix tissues in difficult areas. The time saved ranged from 3 to 19.5 minutes per procedure, and 1 to 8.5 minutes per tooth. The convenience of the fibrin glue was especially appreciated in pedicle flap procedures.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.6.426

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY