摘要:

Aselective medium, malachite green bacitracin agar, was developed for the isolation ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansfrom subgingival plaque of periodontally diseased patients. The medium consisted of Trypticase soy agar 40 gm/liter, bacitracin 128μg/ml, malachite green 8μg/ml and 5% defibrinated sheep blood. The medium, when incubated in an atmosphere of air plus 10% CO2for 5 days, permitted greater than 80% recovery of pure cultures ofA. actinomycetemcomitanswhen compared with a nonselective medium. The most frequent contaminant in plaque samples from different clinical conditions wasHaemophilus aphrophilus.Decomposition of H2O2was useful in differentiating these two species. Clinical studies employing the malachite green bacitracin medium revealed a significant association between the presence of the organism,A. actinomycetemcomitansand juvenile periodontitis.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.593

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The periodontal statusof three groups of women; pregnant, taking oral contraceptives, and nonpregnant, were evaluated clinically and microbiologically for changes in their gingiva and any corresponding changes in the subgingival microbial plaque, specifically the percentage ofFusobacteriumspecies andBacteroidesspecies. Overall, the women had relatively good gingival health. However, statistically significant increased scores were observed in the Gingival Index and the gingival crevicular fluid flow in the pregnant group compared with the nonpregnant group. The most dramatic microbial changes were the increased proportions ofBacteroidesspecies both in the pregnant group and the group taking oral contraceptives over the nonpregnant group. Increased female sex hormones substituting for the napthaquinone requirement of certainBacteroideswere most likely responsible for this increase. No statistically significant clinical difference was noted between the group taking oral contraceptives and the nonpregnant group, although a 16‐fold increase inBacteroidesspecies was observed in the group taking oral contraceptives.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.599

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Unfractionatedperipheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the T and B cell fractions of PBL from four patients who had received scleral allografts, and fractions from four control subjects were testedin vitrofor proliferative responsiveness to collagen and glycosaminoglycan‐enriched extracts of allogeneic sclera. None of the unfractionated lymphocyte cultures (patients and controls) were responsive to the scleral extracts. However, B‐enriched lymphocyte cultures from one patient and two control subjects did respond to the scleral extracts, although there was considerable individual variation in the magnitudes of these responses (stimulation indices ranging from 1.5 to 11.5). In contrast, the DNA‐synthesis response of T cells to scleral extracts was strongly suppressed. Furthermore, T cells pre‐exposed for 24 hours to scleral collagen were capable of suppressing B‐cell responsiveness to mitogens in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures. Our findings confirm the lack of apparent adverse immunologic responsiveness to scleral allografts in humans as reported by others. It is possible that immunological tolerance to the scleral allografts is due to a suppressor T‐cell mechanism which is triggered by scleral collagen.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.603

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentration oftetracycline in gingival crevice fluid and blood was determined using a sensitive bioassay after oral administration of repeated doses of tetracycline. Crevicular fluid was sampled by an intracrevicular technique from four gingival sites in each individual and blood was obtained by finger puncture. Four volunteers received doses of 250 mg of tetracycline‐HCl either every 6 hours or every 12 hours and were sampled at hours 0 to 15, 21 to 36, 48 to 60 and 96 to 102. Volunteers given 250 mg every 6 hours had average crevicular fluid concentrations between 4 to 8μg/ml and blood concentrations between 2 to 2.5μg/ml after 48 hours. The levels in crevicular fluid and blood of volunteers who received 250 mg every 12 hours were 2 to 4μg/ml and 0.3 to 1.4μg/ml respectively after 48 hours. The results demonstrated that after repeated doses of tetracycline the crevicular fluid levels were typically 2 to 4 times the blood levels.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.609

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The sensitivityto tetracycline of 345 bacterial isolates from periodontal lesions was determined. Most species of bacteria, including those thought to be involved in the initiation and progress of destructive periodontal disease, were inhibited invitroby tetracycline concentrations of 4 to 8μg/ml. This concentration is equivalent to crevicular fluid levels of tetracycline at dosages of 1 gm/day. These data indicate that tetracycline is inhibitory at levels achieved in crevicular fluid for bacteria currently implicated in destructive periodontal disease.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.613

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The participantsin this study were 151 women; 49 of these had been taking oral contraceptives for over 5 years, 63 had been taking oral contraceptives for less than 5 years, and 39 formed the control group. It was found that there was a statistically significant increase in gingival inflammation related to the duration of drug therapy. There were no significant differences in level of attachment between the groups of subjects.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.617

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It hasbeen strongly suggested that the complement system plays a critical role in the pathological processes occurring in periodontal disease. Because individuals with this common disease are often instructed to brush their teeth more often and for longer periods of time, several commercial toothpastes were tested for their effects on complement‐mediated reactions. In this study, six of the nine toothpastes tested activated the classical complement pathway, leading to C3 cleavage, as determined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The activating ingredients were contained in the insoluble fraction of the toothpastes. Of the toothpaste abrasives, Ca++pyrophosphate was determined to have C3‐converting activity. One of the toothpastes, which contains a particular type of amorphous silica abrasive, appeared to bind both native C3 and its conversion products. In general, disruption of complement‐mediated functions in affected tissues could alter local immunological responses and interfere with healing. The invitrostudies described here suggest a need for clinical studies to ascertain the in vivo influences of dentifrice ingredients on complement‐mediated reactions in periodontal disease.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.621

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purposeof this study was to determine if the depth of periodontal probe penetration into the gingival sulcus was related to bleeding after probing with a standardized force, visual signs of gingival inflammation, and histological parameters of gingival inflammation. Sixty midfacial gingival sites in 26 persons were evaluted for presence or absence of visible inflammation and bleeding after probing using a controlled insertion pressure of 25 gm. In order to delineate the area for histologic analysis, a reference incision was made on the facial surface of the gingiva which corresponded to the depth and mesio‐distal extent of the area probed and evaluated for visual signs of inflammation. Gingival biopsy specimens were histometrically analyzed to determine the depth of probe penetration and percentage of inflamed connective tissue. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that probe penetration was significantly greater in the presence of visible inflammation, but not with bleeding after probing. Furthermore, only a weak correlation existed between depth of probe penetration and percentage of inflamed connective tissue adjacent to the area probed.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.626

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose ofthis study was to determine the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinses on the development of dental plaque in man. The dental plaques were formed on strips of triacetylcellulose film (TAC), which were attached to the lingual surfaces of the mandibular incisors by silk suture thread on 20 human volunteers. Differences in the degree of plaque formation on TAC films after 2, 4 and 24 hours were observed in placebo vs. chlorhexidine treated samples using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that (1) solutions containing chlorhexidine digluconate and lactic aluminum have an inhibitory effect of the development of dental plaque on the TAC film as evaluated by electron microscopy, (2) the TAC film was a convenient model for the study of early dental plaque formation by electron microscopy, (3) the three types of pellicle reported by Tryggve Lie (1977) were also observed, (4) the method enabled evaluation of the bacterial accumulation of TAC films. After 2 hours, there was no visible difference in the bacterial accumulations on placebo or chlorhexidine treated films. After 4 and 24 hours considerable differences were observed.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.630

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY