摘要:

The aim of this studywas to develop a computerized measurement system for analysis of unstandardized serial radiographic images. A new approach for estimating the error associated with the determination of alveolar crest loss is described. The study shows that a difference of 0.87 mm in cemento‐enamel junction‐crest measurement between unstandardized serial radiographs taken within accepted clinic routine is required for a significant loss in crestal bone height. The ability to detect with significance a difference of less than 1 mm in crestal bone height makes the appropriate use of traditional bitewing radiographs a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of periodontal maintenance.J Periodontol 1992; 63:657–662.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.657

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We previously reportedthe lack of effect periodontally‐treated teeth prognosed “hopeless” and retained for 3.4±1.5 years have on the proximal periodontium of adjacent teeth. We now report our findings for the same group of subjects following 8.4±0.7 years of “hopeless” tooth retention. Of the 17 “hopeless” and adjacent teeth originally measured in 17 subjects, 14 of the subjects were still available for re‐evaluation. Measures used to assess the periodontium of proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth included pocket depths (PD), radiographic alveolar bone level (R‐BL), and periodontal ligament space width (W‐PL). Treatment for the subjects consisted of surgical therapy (N = 15) and scaling and root planing (N = 2). Of the 14 subjects re‐examined, 2 were eliminated due to loss of adjacent tooth reference points and 2 due to extraction of the “hopeless” tooth (N = 10). Differences in measurements (i.e., nonadjacent to “hopeless” tooth value minus adjacent to “hopeless” tooth value) were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. There were no significant differences for PD (P= 0.20), R‐BL (P= 0.29), or W‐PL (P= 0.16). These data confirm our original findings that retained periodontally “hopeless” teeth do not significantly affect the proximal periodontium of adjacent teeth following therapy.J Periodontol 1992; 63:663–666.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.663

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The highly sensitive and specific methodsof molecular biology emphasize the frequency of subclinical infections in the genital tract tissues by the human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The purpose of this work was to investigate occult viral infections by the HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18 in the gingival tissues. The Southern blot method with32P‐radiolabeled DNA probes applied under stringent conditions to 20 interproximal gingival papilla specimens revealed homologous viral sequences in 1 of 6 cases of adult Periodontitis (HPV 16), 1 of 2 cases of rapidly progressive Periodontitis (RPP) (HPV 6/ HPV 11), 2 of 2 cases of acute gingivitis in psychiatric institutionalized patients (HPV 6; HPV 6/HPV 11), and 2 of 10 cases of acute gingivitis in AIDS patients (HPV 6/HPV 11/HPV 16; HPV 6). No periodontal or extraperiodontal specimen hybridized with the HPV 18 probe. Simultaneous hybridization with two or three HPV types was common (3/6 cases). The present detection of HPV 6,11,16 DNAs or related‐DNAs in periodontal tissues without obvious clinical signs of viral infection suggests that the gingival epithelium may act as a reservoir.J Periodontol 1992; 63:667–673.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.667

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty blocks of human jawsobtained at autopsy and containing maxillary molar teeth with the contiguous maxillary sinus intact were prepared utilizing conventional histopathologic techniques and were studied by light microscopy. The purpose of this investigation was to confirm earlier clinical reports suggesting a close association between human Periodontitis and maxillary sinus thickening and to morphologically document the nature of the sinus changes. Seventeen of 20 jaw specimens demonstrated moderate to advanced periodontal destruction with pervasive extension of the inflammatory infiltrate through the alveolar process beyond the apices of the teeth and extending to the region of the antrum. Of the 20 histologic specimens, 10 showed extensive thickening of the sinus membrane, 9 had moderate hyperplastic changes, and only 1 specimen demonstrated a normal appearing sinus. Pathologic changes in the sinus membrane included inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, fibrosis of the tunica propria, mucous‐serous gland proliferation, interstitial pseudo‐cyst formation, polyp formation, hyalinization of the connective tissue lining, thrombosis of blood vessels, and metaplastic and degenerative changes in the epithelial lining. This study, based on histopathologic changes, suggests an apparent direct relationship between moderate and severe Periodontitis of the maxillary molar teeth and pathologic changes resulting in thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa.J Periodontol 1992; 63:674–681.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.674

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present studywas to assess a possible association between radiographic bone loss and presence ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitanson the site and subject level over time. Forty‐six teenagers with registered radiographic bone loss and 8 controls participated in the study, which began in 1984. In 1986 and 1988 new sets of bite‐wing radiographs were obtained and examined for bone loss. Subgingival plaque was sampled from both diseased and contralateral healthy sites in the same individual. Only 15 of the 46 originally diseased sites persisted with bone loss in 1986, and 60% of these sites harboredA. actinomycetemcomitans. Of the 31 “healed” sites, 29% containedA. actinomycetemcomitans. The difference was statistically significant atP0.05). The difference between patients with and without persistent bone loss regarding presence ofA. actinomycetemcomitanswas statistically significant in 1986; however, none of the observed differences were statistically significant in 1988.A actinomycetemcomitanswas found 2 to 3 times more frequently in patients with radiographic bone loss at all examinations than in “healthy” subjects. Detection ofA. actinomycetemcomitanson the site level appeared to be a poor predictor of future radiographic bone loss.J Periodontol 1992; 63:682–685.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.682

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the distributionand incidence of natural killer (NK) cells in gingiva affected with adult Periodontitis (AP) and rapidly progressive Periodontitis (RP) with immunohistochemical methods using antibodies Leu‐7 and Leu‐11b. The incidence of Leu‐7 positive cells revealed no significant difference among mild AP, severe AP, and RP. On the other hand, Leu‐11b positive cells were frequently found in severe AP and RP. The accumulation of NK cells reacting with Leu‐11b in the infiltrated connective tissue was greater in severe forms of periodontal disease (severe AP and RP) than in mild AP. These results suggest that Leu‐11b positive NK cells may play a role in the destruction of tissues in periodontal diseases.J Periodontol 1992; 63:686–689.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.686

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Periodontal data typicallyhave a hierarchical structure, with sites grouped within individuals, and individuals grouped within communities. Also, the occasion may be regarded as another level since the acquired knowledge indicates that periodontal disease activity may vary over time. Conventional statistical tests are based on unilevel analysis of data. However, this approach to statistical analysis is often inconvenient in periodontal research because of the variation in the outcome variables between the various levels in the hierarchy. Lately there have been important developments in the statistical theory which have made available powerful statistical techniques for analyzing multilevel or hierarchical data. This report describes a new approach for analyzing periodontal data and uses an illustrative example to build a model which explains part of the variability in the response variable. The results from this analysis are then compared to results from an earlier report which uses unilevel methods and the findings discussed. The present multilevel approach has several advantages over unilevel methods, mainly due to its statistical validity and efficiency. Further, it permits the incorporation of explanatory variables measured at the site and the subject levels, and those which vary across the time points. Multilevel analyses have a promising potential and are expected to have a significant impact on periodontal research.J Periodontol 1992; 63:690–695.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.690

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our previous studies have shownthat pyrophosphate (PPi), the anticalculus component of tartar‐control dentifrices, inhibits the growth of organisms associated with coronal and root surface caries. The purposes of this investigation were to: 1) determine if periodontal pathogens are similarly susceptible to the growth‐inhibitory properties of PPi; and 2) determine if combinations of pyrophosphate‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (PPiSDS) inhibit growth synergistically.Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens, andCampylobacter rectus (formerly Wolinella recta)were cultured in appropriate enriched media under anaerobic conditions. Inhibition assays were performed in tubes containing media supplemented with PPi and/or SDS. A range of concentrations of PPi and SDS in 2‐fold increments was employed, with each concentration assayed in triplicate. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) analyses revealed all of the bacteria were susceptible to PPi and SDS, with MICs of 0.67% (25 mM) and 0.01% w/v respectively. Combination studies with PPi‐SDS showed much greater growth inhibition againstP. gingivalisandA. actinomycetemcomitansthan achieved with the agents individually. Determination of fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated a synergistic growth‐inhibitory effect. Under the constraints of the conditions employed, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of PPi‐SDS combinations in inhibiting the growth of periodontal pathogens. It is conceivable that these compounds may have clinical benefit as a subgingival irrigant.J Periodontol 1992; 63:696–700.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.696

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this studywas to examine the effects of root preparation using the pulsed Nd:YAG laser, either alone or in combination with manual instrumentation. Study specimens consisting of 18 teeth with associated periodontal pockets from 8 different patients were treated as follows: 5 specimens were root planed with curets followed by laser exposure for 3 minutes using energy settings of 3.0 W at 20 pps; 2 specimens were root planed and then laser treated for 3 minutes using settings of 2.25 W and 20 pps; 4 specimens were treated by laser for 1 minute at settings of 1.75 W and 20 pps followed by root planing; 4 specimens were treated by laser only for 1 minute using settings of 1.75 W and 20 pps; and the remaining 3 teeth served as untreated controls. Both prior to and after completion of the laser and root planing treatments, microbiological samples were obtained from the treated pockets and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis of levels ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. With the exception of two 7‐day specimens, all others were extracted immediately post‐therapy and processed for SEM examination. All treated specimens, regardless of treatment sequence, exhibited some degree of laser‐induced root surface alteration. Notably, laser‐treated calculus deposits were free of their characteristic surface layer of microbial plaque. Microbial sampling indicated a post‐therapy reduction in levels of all 3 putative microbial pathogens compared to pre‐treatment samples and control specimens. However, SEM examination revealed residual deposits of plaque and calculus in all treatment groups. Subgingival use of Nd:YAG lasers appears to be technique sensitive and long‐term therapeutic benefits remain to be established.J Periodontol 1992;63:701‐707.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.701

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a case reportthat describes the management of a severe periodontal defect associated with a palato‐radicular (palato‐gingival) groove affecting the maxillary right lateral incisor of a 50 year‐old male. The patient presented with pain, gingival swelling, and a 10 mm periodontal pocket on the distopalatal aspect of the right maxillary lateral incisor. The defect was initially treated by scaling and root planing. Several days later a flap was elevated, the osseous defect was debrided, and odontoplasty was performed to eliminate the groove. The root surface was treated with citric acid for 3 minutes, the osseous defect was filled with non‐porous hydroxyapatite, a periodontal membrane was placed, and the flap was readapted to the tooth. Postoperative care included systemic (minocycline) and local (Chlorhexidine) antimicrobial therapy. The membrane was removed 6 weeks postoperatively and 14 months postoperatively the gingiva appeared healthy; radiographs suggested substantial resolution of the osseous defect and about 7 mm of probing attachment gain was recorded. Further studies are necessary to determine which of the several modes of therapy used to treat this lesion are necessary for success.J Periodontol 1992; 63:708–712.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1992.63.8.708

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY