摘要:

The effectiveness of a newly‐developedEr:YAG laser with a fiber delivery system to remove subgingival calculus was examined in vitro. Fifty‐three (53) periodontallyinvolved human extracted teeth with a band of subgingival calculus were used. Two experiments were conducted: in experiment 1, laser scaling was performed with water irrigation on a straight line and on a broad area, against the subgingival calculus at the energy levels of 10 to 120 mJ/pulse (3.5 to 42.4 J/cm2/pulse) and the pulse repetition rate of 10 pps. The morphological changes of the laser‐scaled site were observed by SEM, and the efficiency of laser scaling was determined. In experiment 2, laser scaling was performed with and without water irrigation at 30 mJ/pulse and 10 pps. The morphological changes, the efficiencies, and temperature changes with and without water irrigation were compared. The pulsed Er:YAG laser used with water irrigation was able to remove the subgingival calculus from the tooth root effectively at the energy level of about 30 mJ/pulse (energy density: 10.6 J/cm2/pulse) and 10 pps, under in vitro conditions. Ablation of the tooth substance on laser scaling was generally observed within the cementum. There was little increase in temperature on the root surface during laser scaling. This study suggests the potential for the clinical application of the Er:YAG laser in subgingival scaling.J Periodontol 1994; 65:1097–1106.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1097

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study wasto clinically evaluate the 1‐year coverage of gingival recessions by a subpedicle connective tissue graft according to the original technique compared to untreated recessions by measuring probing sulcus depth (PSD), height of keratinized tissue (HKT), and mucogingival junction location changes. Paired gingival recessions were selected in 15 patients. In each patient, one recession was randomly assigned for treatment (test group) and the other recession was left untreated (control group) for 1 year. Surgery consisted of a connective tissue graft covered by a double papilla full thickness flap. Height of recession (HR), PSD, HKT, and cemento‐enamel junction to mucogingival junction distance (CEJ‐MGJ) were recorded with a calibrated probe before surgery and 1 year postoperatively. The control group showed no statistically significant differences in any of the parameters. In the test group, HR mean decreased significantly (P<0.0006) from 3.66 mm to 1.09 mm, representing a mean root coverage of 70.5%. HKT mean increased significantly (P<0.0006) from 1.60 mm to 4.30 mm, and PSD mean showed no statistical difference. CEJ‐MGJ remained statistically unchanged. The subpedicle connective tissue graft may provide a good amount of root coverage and a substantial increase of keratinized tissue. Connective tissue grafted beneath the alveolar mucosa does not induce its transformation into keratinized gingival tissue.J Periodontol 1994; 65:1107–1112.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1107

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SubstancePhas been studiedin relation to its distribution within gingival tissues as well as its effect on cultured human gingival fibroblasts. The tissue distribution was varied depending on the degree of inflammation present. In healthy tissues substance P was found in the connective tissues interspersed between the collagenous elements and was particularly prominent in the areas immediately subjacent to the epithelial rete pegs. In inflamed tissues, substance P was markedly increased particularly around the blood vessels as well as in close association with much of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. The effect of substance P on human gingival fibroblast proliferation was monitored by [3H]thymidine incorporation and indicated substance P to be mitogenic for these cells at low concentrations (1 × 10−9M) and tended towards an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations (1 × 10−4M). Substance P did not have any effect on the release of either total proteins or proteoglycans into the culture medium. However, exposure of the cells to substance P did cause a greater accumulation of both total protein and proteoglycan with the cell layer material. These findings suggest a potential role for substance P on gingival tissues and in particular their resident fibroblastic cells and can therefore be used as a basis for more detailed studies into the relationship between neuropeptide release associated with neurogenic inflammation and periodontal pathology.J Periodontol 1994; 65:1113–1121.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1113

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Inflammatory mediators produced by human gingival fibroblasts(HGF) have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), which is produced in abundance from HGF after stimulation with interleukin (IL)‐1β or tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), could regulate IL‐6 production by HGF. HGF stimulated with either IL‐1β or TNF‐α showed a rapid and dose‐dependent increase in IL‐6 mRNA accumulation and IL‐6 secretion, as demonstrated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis and bioassay. IL‐6 secretion from either IL‐1β‐ or TNF‐α‐stimulated HGF was enhanced by the inhibition of PGE2synthesis with indomethacin. Furthermore, the addition of PGE2inhibited IL‐6 secretion from these cells. In contrast, indomethacin or PGE2did not affect the accumulation of IL‐6 mRNA in IL‐1β‐stimulated HGF. These data indicate that IL‐6 production by HGF is up‐regulated by specific cytokines, IL‐1β and TNF‐α, and suggest that this production may be partially down‐regulated by endogenous and exogenous PGE2at the post‐transcriptional level.J Periodontol 1994; 65:1122–1127.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1122

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was totest the bone‐forming capacity of demineralized freeze‐dried bone (DFDBA) and autologous bone grafts in extraction sockets. Seven paired sites were grafted with either DFDBA or autologous bone. The sites were reentered between 3 and 13 months for the purposes of obtaining biopsies of the grafted sites and to place endosseous implants. Biopsies from 6 of the 7 grafted sites were evaluated for new bone formation. DFDBA sites revealed the presence of dead particles of DFDBA with no evidence of bone formation on the surfaces of the implanted particles and no evidence of osteoclastic resorption of the bone particles. Biopsies from the 6 autologous sites revealed vascular channels with woven and lamellar bone. Some specimens had retained cortical, non‐vital bone chips. These bone chips were undergoing active osteoclastic resorption. The results of this study questions the use of DFDBA as a bone inductive graft material.J Periodontol 1994;65:1128–1133.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1128

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Osteoporosis is suspected as a risk factorin periodontal disease, but previous studies have failed to establish a relationship. Possible explanations for this could be lack of precise methods for assessment of osteoporosis in the jaws and confounding of the result by other factors such as age, gender, or smoking. In the present study 12 female patients with osteoporotic fractures (Group O) and 14 normal women (Group N) were examined clinically for plaque (VPI), gingival bleeding (GBI), and loss of attachment on the 6 Ramfjord index teeth. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the mandible and forearm was determined by dual photon scanning. Results were presented as arithmetic means ± standard error, and differences between groups were tested by 2‐samplet‐test. The two groups were comparable with respect to age (O: 68.3 ± 1.8 years, N: 68.1 ± 1.5 years), menopausal age (O: 47.5 ± 1.8 years, N: 47.2 ± 1.3 years), and smoking habits (O: 4 smokers, N: 3 smokers). The osteoporotic women had significantly lower BMC values than controls in the mandible (O: 0.63 ± 0.04 in U/cm2; N: 0.78 ± 0.02 in U/cm2,P<0.01) and forearm (O: 1.05± 0.05 in U/cm; N: 1.28 ± 0.05 in U/cm,P<0.01). No significant differences were found with respect to plaque (O: 46.67 ± 10.00%, N: 36.67 ± 6.67%) and gingival bleeding (O: 46.67 ± 11.67%, N: 43.33 ± 10.00%), whereas significantly greater loss of attachment was seen in osteoporotic women (O: 3.65 ± 0.18 mm, N: 2.86±0.19 mm,P<0.01). These results suggest that severe osteoporosis which significantly reduces the bone mineral content of the jaws may be associated with less favorable attachment level in case of periodontal disease.J Periodontol 1994;65:1134–1138.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1134

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Apatient with nephropathic cystinosisdeveloped gingival hyperplasia secondary to cyclosporine‐A therapy for his renal allograft. The typical crystals described on electron microscopic examination of other organs of patients with cystinosis were seen in the resected gingiva of this patient. These crystals have not been previously described in this location. Unusual aspects of the management of this patient are discussed.J Periodontol 1994;65:1139–1141.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1139

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1142

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experimentally‐produced defectsin the non‐human primate are preferred for testing the efficacy and safety of periodontal regenerative therapies. These animals closely resemble the human in dental anatomy and periodontal wound healing physiology. Defects can be produced which do not display spontaneous regeneration and which are contralaterally identical. Thus, within animals, untreated controls can be obtained to indicate the level of supporting tissues prior to therapy. The use of non‐human primate models is recommended for science transfer experiments involving invasive surgery and the testing of potentially harmful new devices and pharmaceuticals.J Periodontol 1994; 65:1143–1150.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1143

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is increasingly evident that controlled preclinical modelswith reproducible defect characteristics and biologic reaction are critical for evaluation of safety and efficacy of periodontal reconstructive protocols. Our investigations have characterized a supraalveolar periodontal defect in the mandibular premolar region in the beagle dog. This surgically‐created critical size defect heals with almost complete connective tissue attachment following immediate reconstructive surgery. When the defect is exposed to periodontitis‐simulating conditions prior to surgery the new connective tissue attachment is reduced. Bone and cementum regeneration is limited for both defect variations. Critical aspects relative to animal selection and management, surgical protocol, histologic and statistical analysis are discussed. This preclinical model has proven effective for evaluation of safety and efficacy of devices and biologics used adjunctive to periodontal reconstructive therapy.J Periodontol 1994; 65:1151–1157.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1151

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY