摘要:

Regeneration of periodontal tissues requiresorchestration of several cell types. Two cell types, gingival fibroblastic cells (gingival fibroblasts) and cells from the periodontal ligament (PDL cells), were studied to compare the effects of supplemental addition of TGF‐β1 and PDGF on proliferation. Cells obtained from healthy donors were cultured in 10% FBS supplemented with either 10 ng/ml TGF‐β1, 20 ng/ml PDGF, or both. Thymidine incorporation was measured after 24, 48, or 72 hours. Data from PDL (analyzed by ANOVA) showed the following relations: at 24 hours TGFβ1/PDGF = PDGF>TGF‐ β1 = control; at 48 hours TGFβ1/PDGF>TGF‐β1>PDGF>control; at 72 hours TGFβ1/PDGF>TGF‐β1>PDGF = control. Gingival fibroblast cultures showed the following relations: at 24 and 48 hours TGFβ1/PDGF = PDGF>TGF‐β1 = control; at 72 hours, TGFβ1/PDGF = PDGF>control with TGFβ1 not different from control or factor combinations. Both TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β1/PDGF showed a significantly greater increase in proliferation of PDL cells than in gingival fibroblasts at 48 and 72 hours (StudentttestP<0.05). In contrast, PDGF stimulated proliferation of gingival fibroblasts was significantly greater than PDL cells at 72 hours (P<0.05). Thus, supplementation of complete cultures (containing 10% FBS) with TGF‐β1 alone or combined with PDGF stimulates proliferation of PDL cells to a significantly greater extent than proliferation of gingival fibroblasts. The data (together with the fact that TGF‐β1 inhibits epithelial cell migration) suggest that these growth factors may be valuable in promoting new connective tissue attachment in the periodontal wound.J Periodontol 1994;65:641–648.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.641

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Accurate diagnosis of periodontal destructionin the furcation region of multirooted teeth is a critical component of treatment planning, with different therapeutic approaches chosen based upon clinical determination of the severity of involvement. The current study assessed both vertical and horizontal depths of 274 furcations from 67 patients at three separate time points: by probing prior to anesthesia, by bone sounding after administration of anesthesia, and by direct measurement at the time of surgery. All measurements were made to the nearest millimeter. The mean vertical (1.8 mm) and horizontal (2.16 mm) furcation depths determined prior to anesthesia were significantly less than surgical measurements (2.79 mm and 3.65 mm, respectively). Use of sounding significantly improved the mean accuracy of vertical (2.40 mm) and horizontal (3.11 mm) furcation depth measurements relative to surgical determinations (P= 0.000). Surgical vertical depth was exactly the same as pre‐anesthesia probing in 42% of furcations, within ± 1 mm in 72.3% and within ±2 mm in 83.6%. Use of post‐anesthesia sounding improved agreement in vertical measurements to 59.5%, 85.7%, and 93.1%, respectively. Surgical horizontal depth was exactly the same as pre‐anesthesia probing measurements in 47.1% of furcations, within ±1 mm in 68.3% and within ±2 mm in 77.4%. Sounding improved agreement of horizontal measurements to 64.2%, 83.6%, and 88.3%, respectively. Underestimation of surgical furcation depths by pre‐anesthesia probing was much more common than overestimation. Sounding reduced the percent and degree of underestimation in all furcation types. The data demonstrate the ability of postanesthesia bone sounding to significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of furcation invasions.J Periodontol 1994;65:649–657.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.649

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Soft membranes were usedin 69 patients for bone regeneration around implants (blades and screws, submerged and non‐submerged) placed into extraction sockets. In about 10% of the patients a prosthetic restoration was completed immediately, while in the remaining patients the prostheses were connected after a healing period of 3 to 6 months; follow‐up ranged from 6 to 30 months. In 22 patients a re‐entry procedure was done to evaluate the membrane and in 4 patients a bone biopsy was taken from 3 to 6 months after the placement of the membrane. In all cases the peri‐implant tissues appeared clinically healthy and it was possible to see radiographically that the newly formed bone closely adapted to the implants. In most cases it was possible at 6 months re‐entry to see the membrane and detach it from the underlying tissues. There was a partial dehiscence of the membrane in only 4% of the cases. After 3 months the tissue under the membrane presented macroscopical features similar to mature bone, and bone biopsies in all cases showed a spongious lamellar bone with a high level of activity and a wide band of osteoid tissue.J Periodontol 1994;65:658–665.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.658

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research was aimed at determiningand comparing the pattern of localization of both cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth and associated periodontal variables in heart transplant patients. Thirty‐nine patients undergoing cyclosporin treatment were studied for 6 months following transplant surgery. Oral hygiene and gingivitis were evaluated using the Silness‐Löe and Löe‐Silness indices. Gingival overgrowth was measured using a periodontal probe to determine the height of the gingiva at six points per tooth. Statistical hypothesis testing was applied to calculate the significance of the results. Overgrowth average showed a steady and significant growth. The graphs depicting average overgrowth localization, “standard periodontograms,” showed remarkable symmetry, and a significantly anterior mandibular papillary distribution. No overgrowth was observed in edentulous areas. The localization of plaque and gingivitis followed a similar pattern; a highly significant correlation was found with the overgrowth localization pattern. It was concluded that the elimination of plaque is an important preventive measure for cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth, and that tooth or periodontium related factors have a significant impact on its pathogenesis.J Periodontol 1994;65:666–670.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.666

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alongitudinal study was conductedduring the first 6 months following transplant surgery in 100 heart, liver, or kidney transplant patients to assess the incidence and severity of cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth, as well‐as the most important associated factors. Gingival overgrowth, plaque, and gingivitis indices, in addition to cyclosporin blood concentration, were assessed monthly. Statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between gingival overgrowth and other study variables and to test the influence of age, sex, time, and transplant type. Forty‐three percent (43%) of the patients developed gingival overgrowth. Gingival overgrowth increased significantly during the study, while plaque and gingivitis, subject to an oral hygiene training and motivation program, decreased significantly. The findings from this study would suggest that the basic factor influencing gingival overgrowth is cyclosporin blood concentration, followed by plaque/gingivitis level. The significant differences observed among transplant types, as well as among age groups, might be attributed to the differences in cyclosporin concentrations. An oral hygiene program prior to the transplant surgery is recommended.J Periodontol 1994;65:671–675.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.671

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Much of the existing oral epidemiologicliterature is limited by having inadequate numbers of the oldest‐old in their sample, having used rudimentary periodontal measures, or not having examined probability samples of community‐dwelling elders. The New England Elders Dental Study (NEEDS) is the first study that documents the periodontal disease status of a probability sample of 554 adults aged 70 to 96 living within an entire U.S. Public Health Service region. The NEEDS study revealed substantially higher estimates of periodontal destruction among older adults than previous national studies would suggest. These results are consistent with several papers in the literature that suggest that periodontal disease rates are on the increase in older adults. In the coming decades dentistry should be prepared to meet the increasing need and demand for periodontal services in the growing older population.J Periodontol 1994;65:676–684.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.676

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to comparethe efficacy of scaling and root planing (S and RP) alone versus tetracycline fiber therapy used adjunctively with S and RP in the treatment of localized recurrent periodontitis sites in maintenance patients. A total of 113 patients receiving regular supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) were treated with whole mouth S and RP. Two non‐adjacent sites in separate quadrants were selected in each patient for monitoring based on criteria that the sites were 5 to 8 mm deep and had a history of bleeding on probing. The chosen sites were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months. At 1, 3 and 6 months, adjunctive fiber therapy was significantly better in reducing PD (P<0.05) and reducing BOP (P<0.05) than S and RP alone. At 6 months, fiber therapy was significantly better in promoting clinical attachment gain (P<0.05) than S and RP alone. Overall, these results indicate that fiber therapy significantly enhanced the effectiveness of S and RP in the management of localized recurrent periodontitis sites, in patients receiving regular supportive periodontal treatment.J Periodontol 1994;65:685–691.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.685

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The efficacy and safety of a new sonic toothbrushwere studied in this singleblind study. The sonic toothbrush combines acoustic vibrations and dynamic fluid activity surrounding the bristles with direct mechanical scrubbing of tooth surfaces. Fifty‐one subjects were randomly assigned to either the sonic or the manual toothbrush. Plaque scores were assessed before and after a 2‐minute brushing at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Gingivitis and sulcular bleeding scores were also taken at each evaluation. To assess long‐term safety, 29 subjects returned after 6 months of product use. Repeated measures analysis of variance of the total mean plaque score indicated a significant difference between the devices over time (P<0.01), with the sonic toothbrush demonstrating a greater level of plaque removal on all tooth surfaces. On average, the plaque reduction from the baseline score for the sonic toothbrush was 3 times greater than the manual brush. However, when broken down by dental region, the sonic toothbrush demonstrated an improved level of plaque removal ranging from 1.5 to 11.9 times better than the manual brush, with the greatest improvement in the interproximal and lingual areas. Both the gingivitis and sulcular bleeding scores exhibited a similar, significant reduction (P<0.005) over time for both devices with an approximate 17% decrease in the gingivitis index and a 33% decrease in sulcular bleeding sites. Safety assessment after 6 months of use indicated no soft tissue abnormalities which could be attributed to the products. The results establish the safety of the sonic toothbrush and indicate that it achieves superior plaque removal compared to a manual brush while also attaining reductions in gingival inflammation similar to that achieved with the manual brush.J Periodontol 1994;65:692–697.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.692

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this studywas to determine the prevalence and sex ratio of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) cases in a selected Saudi population, to compare these values with different societies, and to correlate the sex ratio with the presence ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansin the afflicted sites. In a retrospective study over a 3‐year period 23 cases of LJP were diagnosed from a group of 5,480 subjects with different forms of periodontal disease. The overall prevalence was 0.42%. The female to male ratio was 1.88:1. The difference in the sex ratio was statistically significant (X = 5.490,P<.05). No statistically significant difference in the sex ratio association regarding the sites afflicted byActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitanswas found.J Periodontol 1994;65:698–701.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.698

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The presence and localizationof PMN/neutrophil elastase and its endogenous inhibitor α1‐proteinase inhibitor (α1PI) were studied immunohistochemically in gingival tissue specimens collected from 9 adult periodontitis (AP) patients during flap surgery after the initial phase of periodontal therapy, and from 6 healthy controls with clinicallyhealthy periodontium upon surgical extraction of impacted third molars. In order to evaluate how periodontal tissue destructive events are reflected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), GCF samples were collected from the AP patients before any periodontal treatment and prior to flap surgery, from 5 localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patients, and from the controls. Elastase activity in the GCF was measured with the SAAVNA‐assay and the molecular forms and amount of α1PI by Western‐ and dot‐blotting. Immunohistochemical staining for PMN elastase was strongly positive in the connective tissue, but not in the epithelium, of the AP patients' gingival tissue specimens. In the healthy gingival tissue specimens only a few elastase‐positive cells were present. Both in AP and in control gingival specimens, α1PI was detected in the connective tissue and in the keratinized layer of the epithelium, however, its amount was markedly lower in the control specimens. Elevated levels of α1PI and PMN elastase were detected in the GCF of all periodontitis patients when compared to controls. Based on the present findings we conclude that: 1) PMN elastase activity is associated with periodontal inflammationin situ, and increased activities are detected in AP GCF, but not in LJP GCF, and 2) α1PI is present both in healthy and in inflamed periodontal tissues, but during periodontal inflammation its amount is increased, probably due to a compensatory extracellular matrix (ECM) ‐protective mechanisms of the host's defense system.J Periodontol 1994;65:702–709.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1994.65.7.702

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY