摘要:

Asurvey of the3,048 Active and Affdiate members of the American Academy of Periodontology was conducted by the Task Force on Manpower of the Academy to elicit information concerning practice styles and perceived opportunities for practice. Responses from 1,580 periodontists are presented in tables which include data on general demographics of periodontists, expected age at which partial and full retirement will take place, forms of practice, weeks per year and hours per week spent in practice, number of patient visits per year, number of practice locations, years in present community, population of present community, average distance traveled by patients in the periodontal practice, numbers of dentists referring to the practice, weeks waiting time to examine new patients and to begin new treatment series, patient load, preferences regarding weeks of advance booking, perceptions regarding the supply of periodontal services in the respondent's local area as well as in other areas known to the respondent, and factors which influence selection of a practice location. Data presented were collected between November of 1978 and April, 1979.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.249

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present investigationwas designed to study the microbial flora of periodontal pockets and certain histopathological features of adjacent tissues from healthy and diseased sites in humans. Twenty‐two individuals, aged 21 to 28 years, participated in the study. They were selected on the basis of advanced periodontal disease in at least 2 areas of the dentition where pockets could be probed to 8 mm or more and where 50% of the alveolar bone had been lost. In other areas of the dentition sites were found where no bone loss was discernible and where the gingiva was either “healthy” or showed signs of “established gingivitis.” In each patient six sites were selected; two sites with “advanced disease,” two sites with “established gingivitis” and two sites with “healthy gingiva.” From these sites bacterial samples were obtained and subjected to an examination by darkfield microscopy involving the identification of coccoid cells, straight, motile and curved rods, filaments, fusiforms and spirochetes. Biopsies of the adjacent gingival tissues were processed for histology. The infiltrated portion of the connective tissue was subjected to an analysis based on morphometric point counting. The results revealed that different microbiotas were associated with “healthy,” “established gingivitis” and “advanced disease” sites in humans. With increasing degrees of severity of the disease the relative number of motile organisms increased while coccoid cells and straight rods decreased. The composition of the cellular infiltrates in tissues characterized as “healthy,” “established gingivitis” and “advanced disease” differed markedly. Fibroblasts and lymphocytes were found to dominate the lesion in “healthy” units, with plasma cells and blast cells showing a gradual increase in units of “established gingivitis” and “advanced disease.”

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.264

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Certain teethor groups of teeth are prone to develop more severe periodontal destruction than other teeth in the same individuals. A test was made to assess if these same teeth or groups of teeth also respond less favorably to periodontal therapy than other teeth. Data from a longitudinal study of periodontal therapy for 78 patients over 8 years were analyzed with regard to effect of tooth types on treatment results. The response to periodontal treatment was only marginally related to tooth type with the most favorable responses in the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and the least favorable responses in the maxillary molars and bicuspids. Although a number of these differences were significant statistically, the actual values were too small to be of appreciable clinical significance. The overall prognosis for treatment of periodontal pockets apparently is good for all tooth types and this observation applies to moderate as well as to deep pockets.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.270

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigationwas undertaken to evaluate the long term clinical effect of free gingival grafts on the periodontal condition. Forty grafts, performed on 34 patients 1 to 8 years ago, were selected. Plaque and gingival indices were determined in the grafted areas. Direct clinical measurements from the cementoenamel junction to: a) margin of the gingiva, b) bottom of the gingival sulcus and c) mucogingival junction were also recorded. Similar examination of contralateral or adjacent 40 nongrafted areas for each patient was also conducted to serve as a control. Tissue mobility of the grafted and control areas was then recorded to the nearest 0.001 inch, using a specially developed device, which exerted a standardized tension of 50 gm perpendicular to the surface of the gingiva. Data was subjected to statistical evaluation to determine the significance of changes in variables between grafted and nongrafted sites. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) The zone of keratinized and attached gingiva, though more apically positioned, is significantly wider in the grafted sites. 2) There are no significant differences between grafted and nongrafted sites with regard to plaque index, gingival index and pocket depth. 3) In both grafted and nongrafted sites, a wider zone of attached gingiva corresponds to a shallower pocket depth. 4) There is a significant positive correlation between mobility of the graft and pocket depth. The present investigation, therefore, indicates that, while the free gingival graft is an effective means to widen the zone of the attached and keratinized gingiva, there is no indication that this increase bears direct influence upon periodontal health.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.274

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The gindex test, a suggested measure of gingival fluid hemoglobin in saliva, has been advocated for assessment of gingival inflammation and oral hygiene. To evaluate the test, 28 subjects in good gingival health were examined prior to, during and after a 5‐day period of abstention from all oral hygiene measures. Examinations included the Gingival Index (G.I.), estimations of plaque accumulation (PHP) and Gindex™ gingival chemical analysis. Gindex scores, based on a colorimetric scale of 25 (excellent) to 100 (poor) were derived independently for each subject by two separate investigators following manufacturer's instructions. Several additional studies were conducted to determine sources of assay variability. Changes in the G.I. at the three examinations (0.38, 0.50, 0.34) were not reflected by Gindex scores (78.0, 59.6, 72.0) which gave lower values at a time when plaque accumulation was maximum. While Gindex scoring by both investigators was highly related, no correlation was demonstrated between Gindex scores and G.I. at any of the examination periods. Distributions of Gindex scores were similar in populations with clinically healthy and inflamed gingiva and a substantial number of false positive scores were observed. It was concluded that the Gindex test as presently formulated demonstrated a wide range of individual variation, was inappropriate for patient motivation in oral hygiene and was not a reliable diagnostic aid for detecting the presence or absence of gingival disease in clinical practice.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.279

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Common among the sequellae of tooth loss is drifting and inclination of adjacent teeth toward the edentulous space. The resultant changes in proximal contact relationships, the deepened gingival sulci and abnormal angulation of occlusal forces have been implicated as etiologic factors in periodontal disease. The relationship of abnormal tooth inclination and drift to periodontal pathology was studied in a clinic population whose periodontal status had been carefully characterized using a Tissue Destruction Index, an inflammation index and mobility scores. The distribution of both inclination and drift was bilaterally symmetrical in the study population. For all teeth in the study population, periodontal parameters ranked by incidence, showed a positive association with mesial inclination and drift, and a negative one with distal inclination. These relationships, however, cannot be deemed as either causal or protective. In the dentitions of younger individuals, the incidence and severity of tooth inclination and drift occur rapidly after tooth loss with only very slight changes thereafter. Also, older dentitions may not be as susceptible to abnormal tooth inclination and drift after tooth loss. For the selected teeth, periodontal status by tooth and surface was compared for those abnormally inclined and drifted with normally positioned teeth. The only consistent correlation with periodontal destruction was found in mesially inclined molars where the destruction was 10% greater than that found in normally aligned teeth. Gingival inflammation was not influenced by either abnormal tooth inclination or drift. Mesial inclination also predisposed to a slightly increased incidence of tooth mobility while distal inclination had no such affect.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.283

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Untreated periodontally‐involvedteeth contain cementum‐bound endotoxin, that may prevent periodontal new attachment during healing after pocket therapy. The purpose of this study was to restore biocompatibiltty to diseased root surfaces by a non‐invasive treatment. Untreated human teeth removed for severe chronic periodontal disease were split buccolingually, the level of connective tissue was scribed on the roots, the specimens cleaned of plaque and visible calculus, and autoclaved. Cementum removal was not attempted. One member of each pair was treated with phosphate‐buffered saline as a control. Sodium desoxycholate (2%), Cohn plasma fraction IV1(5%), or deoxycholate followed by plasma fraction were applied for one minute. Roots were incubated in a suspension of gingival fibroblasts for 48 hours, then rinsed, fixed, and stained. Counts were made of the number of attached cells at 40 × magnification using an ocular grid. There was a significant increase (p<0.01) of the combination treatment over controls. All treatments provided a biological surface for attachment of fibroblasts,in vitro, compared to untreated roots.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.291

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Aperiodontal probehas been developed which utilizes a vernier gauge to permit direct measurement to one‐tenth millimeter. This configuration eliminates the need for multiple step measurements using stents or calipers. The probe can be sterilized easily to make measurements during surgical procedures. The probe should prove useful in clinical research, minor tooth movement and patient treatment documentation.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1980.51.5.298

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY