摘要:

In the presentstudy the function of the neutrophil, which exerts a major role in protection against bacterial infections, was assessed in patients with a family history of diabetes mellitus and severe periodontitis. The neutrophil chemotactic function of two groups of patients was compared, both exhibited severe periodontitis. One group had a family history of diabetes and is therefore classified as individuals with potential for abnormal glucose tolerance (Pot‐AGT Group). The other group had comparable levels of severe periodontal disease but did not have a family history of diabetes. Neither group showed evidence of systemic disease as assessed by an extensive medical history and a battery of clinical laboratory tests including CBC, SMA‐12, prothrombin time, urinalysis and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The peripheral blood neutrophil chemotactic response of patients in both groups was measured using Boyden chambers charged with the standard chemotactic agents; endotoxin activated serum,E. coliculture supernate and formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), a synthetic chemotactic agent. Patients in both groups were compared on a day‐to‐day basis to systemically and periodontally healthy, age and sex matched controls. Thirteen of the 24 patients in the Pot‐AGT Group exhibited depressed neutrophil chemotaxis. In contrast, neutrophil chemotaxis was either normal or elevated in 19 of 20 patients who had no family history of diabetes, but had severe periodontal disease. One in this group showed depressed chemotaxis. The difference in neutrophil chemotactic function between these two groups was significant at theP<0.001 level. Hence, the relationship of a positive family history of diabetes and depressed neutrophil chemotaxis was demonstrated. These results support the concept that in subjects with depressed neutrophil function or numbers, severe periodontitis is likely to be seen. These results also raise the possibility that among individuals with adult periodontitis there may be heterogeneity; some may have an underlying host protective dysfunction such as depressed neutrophil chemotactic activity which predisposes them to more severe periodontal disease. Other adults may have normal neutrophil chemotaxis and still have severe periodontal disease which may result from factors such as long term exposure to more virulent periodontopathic organisms, or they may be afflicted with some, as yet undefined, host protective abnormality.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.167

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent reportsindicate that young individuals with moderate to severe periodontitis frequently have chemotactically defective polymorphonuclear leukocytes and/or monocytes, and that both periodontitis and the leukocyte defects may be familial. We report studies of a 23‐year‐old Caucasian female and other members of her family with regard to periodontal status and leukocyte chemotaxis. The patient had molar‐incisor bone loss at age 15, which had become more generalized by age 17. At age 23, when the studies were done, she had advanced alveolar bone destruction necessitating periodontal therapy and extraction of several teeth. The capacity of her serum to generate a chemoattractant was normal but the chemotactic responsiveness of her polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) was only 6.3% normal. Except for periodontitis, the patient was healthy. One sister age 20 had moderately severe gingivitis and pockets of 5 and 6 mm around three molars; her PMNs and monocytes had normal chemotactic function, although her serum manifested a borderline defect in generating chemotactic activity. Another sister age 19 was free of gingivitis and periodontitis, although she had a history of chronic middle ear disease with onset at puberty and of sufficient severity to require surgical intervention. Her serum chemotactic activity was normal, although her PMNs were grossly defective with a chemotaxis value of 27.3% of normal. The mother was 47 years of age and had generalized moderately severe periodontitis of the adult type. She manifested both an intrinsic PMN chemotaxis defect and a serum defect. All family members tested had normal monocyte chemotaxis. Additional family history revealed that the father and maternal grandmother of the proband, as well as one maternal aunt and one maternal uncle, lost their teeth from “gum” disease at a young age. Leukocyte chemotaxis defects, either cellular or serum based, may be genetically transmitted and result in unusual susceptibility to periodontitis and other recurrent infections.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.174

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years, evidence has evolved that suggests a relationship between fibrinolytic phenomenon and various inflammatory diseases. Plasmin activity and the response of the fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products latex test (FDPL test) in gingival fluid, along with Plasminogen activator activity in gingival tissue were assessed. Samples were taken from periodontally involved persons and compared with healthy individuals. The following conclusions could be drawn: (1) The fluid from inflamed gingival crevices possessed more plasmin activity than that from clinically healthy crevices. The reaction of the FDPL test was stronger in the former. (2) Plasminogen activator activity in gingival tissue showed no significant difference between periodontally involved and healthy subjects.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.181

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In periodonticsthere is a need for objective measurements in monitoring disease processes and in assessing the effectiveness of treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare gingival temperatures with indicators of gingival inflammation in order to examine the application of temperature as a diagnostic aid. In six patients the temperature of interproximal sulcular tissue was measured and compared with bleeding upon probing, crevicular fluid flow, pocket depth, plaque accumulation and calculus formation. The results show significantly higher temperatures with bleeding upon probing and with the presence of dental plaque and calculus. Temperature increase correlated with increase in crevicular fluid flow, but a relationship to pocket depth is not clear. The thermocouple microprobe is a very sensitive instrument. The method used is noninvasive, safe and efficient. It can be concluded from our data that differences in gingival temperature reflect not only a regional tissue variability but also can indicate an inflammatory state.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.187

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An immunologicalcomparison of ODU Plaque‐Resistant (RES) and Plaque‐Susceptible (SUS) Rats was performed in order to determine if plaque accumulation was secondary to some immunological abnormality, and to ascertain the effects of plaque accumulation on the immune system. Plaque accumulation in SUS rats on powder diets is associated with a significant elevation in immunoglobulin levels over RES rats, especially in serum IgG and IgM. Young (<9 weeks) SUS rats possess fewer splenic T lymphocytes than do young RES rats. This decrease is associated with a marked decrease in the response of spleen cells in vitro to T cell mitogens, Con A and PHA. This decrease is unrelated to diet and is completely and spontaneously reversed in the adult (3 month) rats. These studies demonstrate that the accumulation of large amounts of plaque cause an elevation in immunoglobulin levels. However, plaque accumulation in SUS rats does not appear to be secondary to any demonstrable immunologic abnormality.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.190

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighty‐fiveSprague‐Dawley rats were used in two experiments to determine the conditions necessary to permit transepithelial penetration by deleterious macromolecules in murine oral mucosa. In experiment one, Group I was a water and diet control; Group II mucosa was treated with hyaluronidase; Group III with streptococcal polysaccharide; and Group IV with hyaluronidase, followed by treatment with the polysaccharide. In the second experiment, the histological effects of the streptococcal polysaccharide were quantified by administering a series of concentrations, from 10 mg/ml to 100 μg/ml. The results suggest that tissue‐damaging plaque components, such as hyaluronidase and polysaccharide, act in combination to pass through the epithelial structures into the subjacent connective tissues to cause destructive changes in rat gingiva. Such changes may possibly be related to those seen in the periodontium when it is adjacent to dental plaque.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.197

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.206

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The maxillaryanterior region presents a difficult and unique therapeutic challenge to both the periodontist and restorative dentist. Although access for surgical and prosthetic procedures is certainly easiest in this part of the mouth, the problem of esthetics, in terms of increased tooth length and loss of interdental papillae, creates an environment in which the clinician's therapeutic choices may either be severely limited or the result compromised. The two cases presented show how this area can be successfully treated using fiber retention procedures to eliminate pathologic periodontal pockets effectively while minimizing root exposure, loss of interdental papillae and root sensitivity. This type of procedure enables the clinician to provide the patient with an acceptable biologic, functional and esthetic result.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.208

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effectivenessof a proximal brush on the interdental hygiene for partially edentulous individuals was investigated. Nineteen partially edentulous adults participated in a crossover study. Three groups were instructed to use the toothbrush alone or a toothbrush combined with either toothpicks or proximal brush. The effectiveness of the cleansing devices was measured by the amount of plaque remaining on the examined surfaces. The results indicated that the cleaning efficiency of the proximal brush is greater than that of the toothpicks on the proximal surfaces of teeth adjacent to edentulous areas. On the other hand, the toothpicks were more effective on the proximal surfaces of teeth in contact.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1981.52.4.214

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY