摘要:

This paper presents the resultsof a study designed to determine (1) if advancement of a periodontal probe under a given force against healthy gingiva differed from its advancement under a similar force, against inflamed gingiva, and (2) to select the diameter which best distinguishes healthy gingiva from that which is inflamed to varying degrees.The teeth of eight beagle dogs were cleaned three times per week for two months until a Gingival Index (GI) of 0 and gingival fluid flow (GFF) of 9 or less, as measured by the Periotron, were obtained. Probes of diameters 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mm were advanced perpendicularly against the attached gingiva in the incisor, premolar, and molar regions by an electromechanical device which simultaneously plotted force versus displacement following initial contact of the probe tip with the gingiva. These forces ranged from 0.1 to 0.9N. This process was repeated in the same animals following cessation of plaque control measures when the GI reached a value of 1 and GFF reached levels of 10 to 19. It was repeated again following placement of an irritating ligature when GI reached 2 and GFF greater than 20.An analysis of covariance showed significant differences between all three levels of health and disease for all probe diameters. F values for the 0.6 mm probe were highest at all probing forces indicating that this diameter most consistently discriminated variation of gingival health status.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.167

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some confusion existsin the literature whether correlations exist between gingivitis severity and plaque levels as measured by the corresponding indices. The results of a clinical trial and a re‐analysis of literature data indicate that a strong statistical correlation exists between the Löe‐Silness Gingival Index values and both the Löe and the Quigley‐Hein Plaque Index measurements. Furthermore, regression analyses also indicate that Löe‐Silness Gingival Index can be expressed as linear functions of either the Löe Plaque Index or the QuigleyHein Plaque Index and that for each unit increment in the mean plaque index values a half unit increase in the gingival index value can be expected.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.172

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Astudy was undertaken to determinethe presence of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with periodontal disease. Saliva and crevicular fluid samples were obtained from 16 habitual cigarette smokers and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the presence of cotinine. Thirteen non–smokers with periodontal disease served as controls. There was no evidence of cotinine (within our detection levels) in either the saliva or crevicular fluid of any of the non–smokers. Cotinine, in a wide range of concentrations, was detected in the saliva and crevicular fluid in all of the 16 cigarette smokers. The presence of a nicotine metabolite in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid reflects the extent of the systemic distribution of nicotine in smokers. The vasoactive properties of nicotine are well known and may possibly affect the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.176

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study evaluatedthe long‐term prognosis of tunnel preparations performed in a large number of teeth with advanced periodontal furcation defects. One hundred seven (107) patients, in which 156 teeth had been treated by tunnel preparations, were recalled for an evaluation, which was based on a questionnaire, a clinical examination, and radiographs; 102 patients attended (149 teeth = 95%). The mean observation time per tooth was 37.5 months (range 10 to 107 months). The results showed that 10 teeth (6.7%) had been extracted and 7 teeth (4.7%) hemisected. The indication for 12 of these extractions or hemisections was root caries. Among the remaining 132 teeth, 23 (15.4%) showed initial or established caries. There was no relationship between caries development and length of the observation time. Thus, approximately 75% of the teeth were still caries‐free and in function.The findings demonstrated that tunnel preparations have a considerably better prognosis than previously reported and should be considered a valid treatment alternative.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.182

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this studywas to assess connective tissue and epithelial responses to cementum (from normal human root surfaces covered by periodontal ligament) after surface demineralization with citric acid. Each rectangular specimen had a face of cementum and an opposite surface composed of pulpal dentin. One half of the specimens were treated with citric acid (experimental group), while the remainder served as untreated control specimens. Specimens were implanted vertically into incisional wounds on the dorsal surface of rats with one end of the implant protruding through the skin. Four specimens in each group were available for examination 1, 3, 5, and 10 days after implantation. Histologie and histometric analyses of the implants included counts of adhering cells, evaluation of attached connective tissue fiber density and diameter, and assessment of epithelial migration. At day 1, a distinct lighter staining zone was present on the surface of both cementum and dentin in the experimental group which corresponded to a zone of surface demineralization produced by the acid treatment. Histometric comparisons between experimental and control groups at 10 days showed a greater number of cells attached to demineralized cementum surfaces. Also, a connective tissue fiber attachment system had developed on these experimental surfaces, but which differed morphologically from periodontal ligament fiber attachment to normal cementum. It was concluded that citric acid treatment can surface demineralize cementum from normal roots, and that the surface demineralization of this cementum facilitated a cell and fiber attachment to the cementum surface.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.188

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Juvenile diabetics have been shownto have an increased susceptibility to gingivitis and periodontitis following puberty. However, little data are available on changes in the microbial flora that occur at the onset of puberty. This study was performed to determine if antibacterial antibody titers to selected periodontal disease‐associated microorganisms might be helpful in revealing changes in plaque flora at the onset and conclusion of puberty. Sera was obtained from 35 subjects (ages 7 to 18 years) selected from a population of insulin‐dependent diabetics. The subjects were given a thorough medical examination which included an assessment of sexual maturation and a dental examination which included the recording of onset and magnitude of bleeding according to the papillary bleeding score. Antibody titers toA. naeslundii (AN), B. intermedius (BI), B. gingivalis (BG), F. nucleatum (FN), A. actinomycetemcomitans (AA), C. ochracea (CO) and T. denticola(TD) were determined using the microELISA. Stratification of antibody titers by age groups (≤12 years, 12 to 15 years,>15 years) revealed that titers to AN increased significantly (P<0.025, ANOVA) and progressively (P<0.05, regression analysis) with increasing age. In contrast, the titers to FN were maximal in the under 12 year group and decreased with age (ANOVA,P<0.05; regression analysis,P<0.05). There were no significant variations in titers observed for the other microorganisms. Stratification by sexual maturity revealed a similar progressive decrease of the titer to FN (ANOVA,P<0.05; regression analysis, P<0.005). In addition, correlation matrix analysis at the 95% confidence level indicated that the BI titers paralleled AN, and that the AA titer paralleled FN. While the relationship between the oral flora and diabetes is unclear, these findings suggest that there is a significant change in the oral microbial flora during puberty.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.199

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Collagen membrane preparationswere manufactured with the aim of enhancing wound healing following periodontal surgery. In order to clarify effects of different concentrations of collagen on wound healing, a basic study was performed. Solutions containing 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.3% atelocollagen were treated with hexamethylenediisocyanate (HMDIC) for cross‐linking, and collagen membranes were prepared with each solution. Periodontal flap surgery was performed on the palatal gingiva beside the maxillary first molar teeth in rats. The root surface of the tooth was exposed and curetted. Then, a piece of atelocollagen membrane was implanted. The healing of the wound was studied histologically and the following findings were made. (1) Apical migration of the junctional epithelium occurred within 2 weeks postoperatively. (2) The implantation of atelocollagen membrane significantly reduced the apical migration. (3) The apical migration of the epithelium did not vary with collagen concentration.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.205

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN) demonstrated the ability to detachActinomyces viscosus,A. naeslundiiandStreptococcus sanguisfrom saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite beads (SHA). Between 60 to 80% of bacteria were detached within 1 hour at PMNto‐bacteria ratios between 1:10 to 1:22. Detachment was enhanced by treating bacteria with fresh but not heat‐inactivated normal human serum. Detachment of serum‐treated A. viscosus was inhibited by cytochalasin B, L–l–tosylamide–2–phenylethylchloromethyl ketone (TPCK), and deoxyglucose but not colchicine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), N‐carbobenzoxy‐L‐phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (ZPCK), and sodium azide. In the absence of serum treatment, the detachment ofA. viscosuswas insensitive to lactose, galactose, and mannose. We conclude that PMN can efficiently detach bacteria from SHA, this detachment is enhanced by serum, and this enhancement is probably dependent upon complement. Additionally, detachment ofA. viscosusbound to SHA by PMN (1) does not appear to involve bacterial lectin activity, (2) seems to be dependent upon glycolytic metabolism, microfilament formation, and the activity of a TPCK‐sensitive serine protease, and (3) is not sensitive to inhibitors of tubulin polymerization or heme‐protein activity.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.211

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies conducted in 1979 and 1984suggested that young periodontists in the early eighties were faced with a variety of stresses and challenges not faced by their counterparts of previous generations. Among the changes observed was the fact that sharply increased numbers of younger periodontists were practicing in multiple locations. The present study focused on multiple location practice and on other early career experiences in periodontology. Multiple site practice appears to be an outgrowth of expanding group practices and the increased popularity of part‐time associateship opportunities. Costs of establishing solo practice, as well as other factors, serve to encourage young specialists to seek such positions. Many specialists see this style of practice as one way to increase their market share, but stresses arising from multiple site practice include travel time and lack of continuity with patients. Thus far, younger periodontists remain satisfied with their careers, but the job market suggests that more and more periodontists will be practicing in multiple locations during the early years of their careers, thus prolonging stabilization of their economic and professional lives.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.217

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1989.60.4.222

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY