摘要:

Aims of this study wereto comprehensively describe the intraoral distribution of the spirochete morphogroup and of 7 antigenically distinct oral treponema, and to relate their presence to periodontal status. Periodontal tissues were evaluated at 4 sites on every tooth except third molars and 76 subjects were classified according to the worst periodontal condition at any one site: Group 1, gingivitis (n = 13); Group 2, early periodontitis (n = 38); and Group 3, advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Subgingival plaque was collected from each half of every tooth evaluated clinically. Spirochetes were identified with phase contrast microscopy and specific treponema were detected immunochemically using monoclonal antibodies toTreponema denticolaserovars A‐D,T. socranskiisubspeciesbucalle, T. socranskiisubspeciessocranskii, andT. pallidum(pathogen‐related oral spirochetes, PROS). The counting protocol was conservative and probably underestimated the actual presence of organisms. Spirochetes were found at one or more sites in approximately 60% of subjects in all groups. PROS were found in approximately 40% of subjects in all groups whileT. denticola(predominantly serotype B) andT. socranskii(exclusivelyT. socranskiisubsp.buccale) were more frequently observed in Group 2 (roughly 25% for both treponema) than in Groups 1 or 3. Overall, spirochetes were detected in less than 15% of the 4,040 sites examined. Spirochetes were found at more sites of periodontitis (group mean range 20 to 40%) than of gingivitis (6 to 20%), and were only infrequently found at sites of periodontal health (4 to 10%). Spirochetes were identified most often in plaque from around molars and they were usually found in only one of two samples from individual teeth. Results of this study suggest that although spirochetes are most often found associated with periodontitis, their distribution is restricted and most periodontitis sites do not harbor spirochetes.J Periodontol 1995;66:829–837.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.829

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this studywas to compare the clinical regenerative capacity of collagen membrane with and without demineralized freeze‐dried bone allografts (DFDBA) in treating periodontal intrabony defects. Ten systemically healthy patients with similar bilateral periodontal defects were scheduled for surgery. Each patient had at least ≥ 6 mm clinical probing depth and loss of attachment at selected sites. Baseline measurements included gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and mobility. At the time of surgery, the defects were randomly assigned to either test (collagen membrane plus DFDBA) or control group (collagen membrane only). Stent to base of the defects, stent to crest bone, crest of bone to base of the defect, and width of the defects were recorded at the time of surgery and reentry. Eight patients returned after 6 months for reentry surgery. Statistical analysis with a pairedttest was used to evaluate the treatment effect and comparison between test and control groups. In addition, a McNemar test was used to analyze the significance of GI, PI, and mobility at different times. The result of this study indicated that both the collagen plus DFDBA and the collagen alone treatment groups had a significant decrease of PD (3.4±0.4 and 3.2±0.4 mm), gain of CAL (2.3±0.5 and 2.0±0.4 mm), and defect fill (1.7±0.3 and 1.9±0.9 mm) (P<0.05) when compared to the presurgery status. However, there was no significant difference in PD, AL, GR, defect fill, crestal bone resorption, GI, PI, or mobility between the test group and control group. No adverse tissue reaction, infection, or delayed wound healing was noted throughout the treatment in either group. This study suggests that the collagen membrane is well tolerated by the human tissues. Both treatments, either collagen membrane plus DFDBA or collagen membrane alone, promoted significant resolution of periodontal intrabony defects. The addition of a bone graft (DFDBA) with a collagen membrane appears to add no extra benefit to the collagen membrane treatment.J Periodontol 1995;66:838–847.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.838

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reproducible and accurate measurementof probing depth and attachment levels is important in longitudinal studies and clinical monitoring of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of a constant force electronic probe in comparison with a conventional probe in measuring probing depth. Thirty‐three teeth scheduled for extraction from 15 patients were used in the study. Probing depths were measured with a constant force electronic probe and a conventional probe at six sites per tooth prior to extraction. The teeth were extracted, washed, and stained and the actual probing depth measured in the laboratory. The constant force electronic probe showed a consistent systematic bias to under measure pocket depths. The mean difference was 0.48 mm, which was statistically significant (P0.05). The measurements with the constant force electronic probe were not affected by the site or the position of the tooth in the mouth. The study demonstrated that the constant force electronic probe under measured the probing depths as determined in the laboratory and was less valid than the conventional probe. However, the validity of probing depth measurements using the constant force electronic probe was clinically acceptable.J Periodontol 1995;66:848–851.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.848

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent in vitro findings indicatethat cytokines represent an important pathway of connective tissue destruction in human periodontitis. The biological effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) are relevant in this regard, and the objective of this study was to compare the levels of these molecules in gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) from patients with adult periodontitis (experimental group) and from individuals with clinically healthy gingiva (control group). GCF was collected for 30 seconds using a periopaper strip and the volume of the sample determined. Following elution of the fluid, assays for IL‐1β and IL‐8 were carried out by ELISA. The concentrations (ng/ml) of cytokines were calculated in the original volume of GCF on each strip. The total amounts (pg/site) of cytokines were expressed as the concentrations multiplied by volumes of GCF. The total amounts of IL‐1β and IL‐8 of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. The total amounts of both cytokines were markedly reduced following phase 1 periodontal treatment. The clinical parameters were positively related to the total amounts of IL‐1β and IL‐8. IL‐1β concentrations and total amounts were also positively related to IL‐8 suggesting that the GCF IL‐8 levels are influenced by local IL‐1β activities. These data indicate that the total amounts of IL‐1β and IL‐8 exhibited dynamic changes upon severity of periodontal disease. The levels of IL‐1β and IL‐8 in GCF are valuable in detecting the inflammation of periodontal tissue.J Periodontol 1995;66:852–859.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.852

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Platelets(PL)may be involvedin the inflammatory process through the release of a variety of factors which could contribute to gingival tissue injury. Thus, conditions which result in the localized discharge of PL constituents could lead to amplification of the inflammatory process at these sites. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was evidence of PL activation in gingival crevicular fluid and whether the degree of gingival inflammation, as measured by the gingival index (GI), was associated with the degree of platelet activation. This was monitored by assaying for betathromboglobulin (β‐TG), a platelet specific protein released from alpha granules of PL when activated. One uL samples of the fluids were obtained from human subjects from gingival sites with various GI scores. Fluid samples were also obtained at probeinduced bleeding gingival crevicular sites.β‐TG levels in the various fluids obtained from the crevice were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA data indicated that detectableβ‐TG levels were observed in all samples, the means ranging from 5.5 ng/ml to 45.2 ng/ml. Additionally, a positive association between the GI scores of 0 and 1 and theβ‐TG levels where observed. For GI scores of 2 and above theβ‐TG concentrations appeared to approach a maximum value. These findings provide evidence for PL activation and suggest a relationship with gingival inflammation.J Periodontol 1995;66:860–863.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.860

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Membrane exposure with bacterialcontamination is often considered one of the main reasons for the lack of predictability in achieving complete regeneration of periodontal defects. Ten cellulose membranes, retrieved from 7 patients treated for Class II furcation lesions in lower molars with‐at least 4 mm of exposure at time of retrieval were studied. Contamination of exposed membranes was studied using SEM analysis of four surfaces of the membrane, upper external, lower external, upper internal, and lower internal surfaces. DNA probe analysis of three periodontopathic bacteria,Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, andActinobacillus actinmycetemcomitans, was carried out for specimens collected from the external and internal sulci. The results suggest that bacterial contamination of the membranes could be controlled if proper pre‐ and postoperative care is followed, since significant amounts of any of the three periodontopathogenic bacteria studied were not found. The SEM analysis corroborated the DNA probe analysis since the predominant morphotypes detected were not suggestive of periodontopathogenic bacteria. The importance of membrane contamination and of root concavities in the lack of predictability of the GTR procedure is discussed.J Periodontol 1995;66:864–869.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.864

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An increased incidence of antibiotic‐resistantbacteria and yeast overgrowth has been reported following various periodontal treatments. The objective of this study was to detect possible overgrowth of opportunistic bacteria and fungi as well as changes in normal microbiota after application of a biodegradable delivery system containing 5% sanguinarium (ABDS‐S) to one quadrant in a split‐mouth study. An oral hygiene quadrant served as a control. The ABDS‐S treated and control periodontal sites as well as the saliva of 17 subjects were sampled prior to treatment, immediately after ABDS‐S removal at 7 days, and again at 30 and 60 days. At Day 7 sanguinariumresistant bacteria increased in both control and ABDS‐S periodontal sites as well as in the saliva. Enteric Gram‐negative bacilli in both control and ABDS‐S periodontal sites were 2.2 to 3.4 log colony forming units higher at Day 7 compared to baseline. This overgrowth was transient in that levels became undetectable at Days 30 and 60. No such overgrowth was observed forC. albicansor other fungi, or forS. aureusor other staphylococci in any periodontal sites. Levels ofActinomycesincreased at Days 30 and 60 in both control and ABDS‐S sites as well as saliva. These changes strongly suggest that a 7 day ABDS‐S treatment in one quadrant of the mouth led to significant microbiota changes in the treated and control quadrants as well as in the saliva. Future microbial studies involving antimicrobials delivered by local delivery systems must consider the crossover effects of treatment inherent in the split‐mouth design.J Periodontol 1995;66:870–877.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.870

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adiamond scaleron which blade diamond particles were coated by electrodeposition was developed to improve the abrasive resistance of sealer blades. The electrodeposited coating was tested with diamond particles of four different sizes, designated D‐4000 with 2 to 4μm diameter of the particles; D‐800 with 12 to 25μm; D‐600 with 20 to 30μm; and D‐400 with 30 to 40μm. The abrasive resistance of the scalers was examined quantitatively using a recently‐developed automatic scaling apparatus that simulated the scaling process of hand instrumentation, as well as SEM observation of the blades. A series of abrasion tests suggested that all the diamond sealers except D‐4000 showed better abrasive resistance than the control (D‐0), and that D‐600 showed the highest abrasive resistance and cutting quality. The SEM observation also suggested that D‐600 and D‐400 might have higher abrasive resistance. Furthermore, the profilometric evaluation of the surface roughness of the scaled natural dentin after hand instrumentation indicated that the average surface roughness increased in the order of D‐4000, D‐800, D‐600, and D‐400, although no marked differences were observed among D‐4000, D‐800, D‐600 and D‐0, but not D‐400. These results suggested that the electrodeposited diamond sealer with 20 to 30μm diamond particles (D‐600) might have marked abrasive resistance as well as cutting quality without remarkable damage to the tooth surface after conventional scaling procedure.J Periodontol 1995;66:878–886.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.878

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The surface characteristicsof periodontally diseased human teeth after two treatments were compared both before and after partial demineralization with citric acid. Thirteen teeth were obtained from patients with advanced periodontal disease. Three teeth were selected for control groups and 10 were used for experimental groups. All diseased root surfaces were identified and outlined. The roots were cut longitudinally into two sections. They were then scaled and root planed and the paired sections were separately classified into two control or two experimental groups. Three sections in control group 1 were rinsed by syringe with saline solution. The three sections in control group 2 were treated with ultrasonic irrigation. The 10 sections in experimental group 1 were rinsed by syringe with saline solution before and after citric acid application; the 10 sections in experimental group 2 were irrigated ultrasonically before and after citric acid application. The concentration of the citric acid was 25% (pH 1.62) and the immersion time was 3 minutes. The root samples were examined by scanning electron microscope. A significant amount of grinding debris covered on all the root surfaces in control group 1, whereas smear was removed in control group 2. The features of root surfaces of the two experimental groups differed considerably. All specimens in experimental group 2 exhibited collagen fibrils exposed as a consequence of citric acid etching. On the other hand, the smear layer was not thoroughly removed from the root surface in experimental group 1, which meant that few collagen fibrils were exposed after partial demineralization. From these results, ultrasonic irrigation before and after citric acid application improves exposure of collagen fibrils, which may be desirable for clinical success in periodontal regenerative therapy.J Periodontol 1995;66:887–891.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.887

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acase of myiasis gingivawas diagnosed in an investigation designed to evaluate the histopathological features of the adjacent tissues of 100 advanced periodontal lesions. The patient was a 36‐year old female and her chief complaint was discomfort and swelling in the area between the upper left central and lateral incisors. The patient's medical history, review of the symptoms, and family history were non‐contributory and her oral hygiene was acceptable. The surgeon was not aware of anything unusual during the operation. Although the Parasitology Department was unable to define the entomologic identification of the infesting parasite from histopathological tissue slides, it was agreed that this case, of myiasis might be produced by larvae of genusSarcophaga or Enterobius vermicularis. J Periodontol 1995;66:892–895.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1995.66.10.892

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY