摘要:

to determine the sensitivity and specificityof the radiographic detection of calculus, 275 proximal tooth surfaces from 18 patients were evaluated. Standardized periapical radiographs obtained before extraction were coded, batch processed, and evaluated independently by two investigators under optimum viewing conditions. After extraction, the teeth were photographed and evaluated both microscopically and by planimetry on 40 × linear projections. Evaluation of calculus by conventional radiography showed low sensitivity: radiographic deposits were detected on only 44% of surfaces that demonstrated calculus microscopically. Specificity was high and the rate of false positives was only 7.5%. Detection of calculus was influenced by the thickness of calculus, the percentage of root surface occupied by calculus, and by tooth type; but not by attachment loss, probing depth, proximal surface, or arch location. These results show that present radiographic techniques are not appropriate for detecting calculus on root surfaces.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.747

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the effects of fraenal attachment, upper lip coverage, and mandibular vestibular depth on plaque and bleeding indices in the maxillary and mandibular anterior segments were studied in a group of 1015 school children aged 11.5 to 12.5 years. The position of the mandibular labial fraenum was relatively unimportant to plaque and mandibular gingivitis, but anterior fraenal attachment in the maxilla appeared to affect the retention of plaque and the degree of gingivitis. Maxillary and mandibular plaque and bleeding scores increased with decreasing upper lip coverage at rest. In the mandibular anterior segment, plaque and bleeding indices decreased with increasing vestibular depth. Further analysis demonstrated that fraenal attachment and vestibular depth and fraenal attachment and lip coverage were significantly associated. However, two‐way analysis of variance indicated that the influence of fraenal attachment, vestibular depth, and lip coverage on plaque and gingivitis was independent. The influences of these soft tissue variables on plaque accumulation and gingivitis were of small clinical significance and not in themselves a justification for mucogingival surgery.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.752

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

following the application of varioustechniques to restore or rebuild alveolar bone with different implants, results are generally unpredictable. In successful cases it is not clear whether the materials are capable of initiating Osteogenesis by metaplastic induction, where endogenous bone formation had failed, or initiating Osteogenesis by stimulating the regeneration of existing vital bone tissue by irritation. In order to discriminate between these two possibilities, 40 Sprague‐Dawley descent rats were implanted with both devitalized tissues and synthetic materials in an area where bone is not usually formed: the anterior eye chamber. The test materials consisted of two devitalized tissues: boiled bone marrow and demineralized dentin, and six synthetic materials: formalin 10% and 40%, formic acid 10% and 88%, plaster of Paris, and ceramic tricalcium phosphate (Durapatite). Test materials were inserted into 59 chambers, but bone was not formed in any of these cases following a three‐week experimental test period. Following implantation of 21 control chambers with viable mature marrow, bone was formed in 5 of 21 cases (24%), following the three‐week test period. These findings appear to indicate that the reported cases where bone regeneration successfully occurred following implantation probably resulted from unpredictable irritational factors upon the existing vital bone tissue rather than by metaplastic induction.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.758

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the present study examined the orientationof cultured human gingival fibroblasts in simulated periodontal spacesin vitrocontaining three dimensional hydrated collagen gels. Extracted human teeth were root planed followed by root resection and root canal instrumentation. The middle and cervical thirds of each root were cut transversely to create 600μm thick sections. Cortical bovine bone was cut, sectioned, and contoured to create bone rings 600μm thick with an internal diameter large enough to accommodate a root slice leaving a circumferential space varying from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Root slices and bone rings were incubated in an enzyme solution to remove all remaining soft tissues and then completely demineralized in EDTA (18%) for 72 hours. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were plated to confluency in tissue culture dishes. The dentin slices were then gently placed over the HGF monolayer along with bone rings around them to create simulated periodontal spaces. Five days later, when initial cell attachment to the dentin and root slices had occurred, a collagen gel was poured in the space. The cultures were maintained for six weeks and were then processed for transmission electron microscopy.The HGF appeared to have formed multilayered cell sheets extending from the periphery of the root slices to the inner surface of bone rings. The HGF had apparently attached to both the bone and root surfaces. There was a close interaction of cells with the matrix fibrils of the gel. The cells and matrix fibrils were oriented parallel to each other. The present findings suggest that HGF grown in simulated periodontal spaces containing a collagen gelin vitrocan form oriented, multilayered cell sheets and some degree of physical rearrangement of matrix fibrils occurs during this process.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.762

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the purpose of this histologic, histometric, and autoradiographic study was to examine the effect of citric acid conditioning and lyophilized autologous plasma (LAP) application on healing following periodontal flap surgery. Mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in six rhesus monkeys using the modified Widman flap procedure. A total of 24 quadrants were treated, each included the first and second premolar and first and second molar teeth. Cementum was removed from the exposed root surfaces, and reference notches were inscribed into the roots at the alveolar bone margin. Two treatment modalities were employed: (1) surgery plus citric acid conditioning, to serve as control and (2) surgery plus citric acid followed by LAP application (400 mg/ml saline). Flaps were returned to their preoperative positions and sutured. Animal sacrifices were scheduled to provide observations 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days after surgery. Each monkey received an intravenous injection of tritiated thymidine, 1μCi/gm of body weight, 1 hour before it was killed. Tissue specimens were processed for evaluation following standard procedures. Histologically, tissue sections were examined for: (1) proliferation and attachment of epithelium, (2) organization and maturation of periodontal fibers, (3) inflammatory cell types, (4) presence or absence of new cementum deposition, and (5) degree of vascularity of the tissues. For histometric evaluation, the radicular notches were used as reference points. The distances examined histometrically were: (1) from the root surface notch to the alveolar bone crest, (2) from the root surface notch to the apical extent of the junctional epithelium, and (3) from the free gingival margin to the apical extent of the junctional epithelium. For autoradiographic evaluation labeled cells were counted in five spatial compartments at 400 × magnification: (1) oral epithelium, (2) crevicular area, (3) supracrestal connective tissue, (4) coronal periodontal membrane, and (5) coronal bone marrow. For each the histometric and autoradiographic evaluation involved a total of 36 tissue sections per quadrant (9 sections per tooth). Tooth and quadrant means were obtained for each monkey. The plasma‐treated and control quadrants were compared at each time point by the pairedttest.N= 2 monkeys were used for each comparison. Histologic results showed that in teeth that were acid‐conditioned after root planing, the epithelium often migrated apically reaching the radicular notch. Those teeth that were conditioned and subsequently treated with LAP demonstrated fiber attachment to the planed root surface and little or no epithelial downgrowth. Histometric results revealed statistically significant differences between LAP‐treated and control teeth for at least some of the measurements at every time point except 14 days. Autoradiographic results did not reveal significant differences between LAP‐treated and control teeth except in a few instances. Consistently, however, LAP‐treated teeth demonstrated more labeled cells than control teeth. After periodontal flap surgery, citric acid conditioning followed by LAP application appears to enhance healing.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.770

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

recently a number of mechanical scalers, known as air or sonic scalers, have been developed. Preliminary investigations were undertaken to observe the operating characteristics of such a sonic scaler including its oscillatory pattern, and how this was affected by changing the design of the scaling tip, the air pressure, and the application load. The oscillatory pattern exhibited an open elliptical movement that was dependent upon the air pressure input to the instrument. Application of a load to the scaling tip resulted in oscillatory damping that increased with the magnitude of the load. The oscillatory performance of the sonic scaler differed from that observed previously with ultrasonic scalers. Investigators using the sonic scaler should indicate the type of scaling tip, the air pressure input, and the application load used to enable meaningful comparisons to be made between the results of different workers. Clinicians should be aware of its operating characteristics to avoid potential damage to the tooth surface.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.780

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the use of a periodontal homecare regime has been found to induce erosive gingival lesions in some individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine which of the chemical or physical components of the technique might be responsible for the changes observed. Ten normotensive subjects were assigned to two groups. Group I subjects used a dentifrice consisting either of sodium bicarbonate and 3% hydrogen peroxide or 3% hydrogen peroxide alone; the dentifrice was removed with a 5 m NaCl irrigating solution. Group II subjects used the same dentifrices as Group I subjects, but distilled water was used as irrigant instead of 5 m NaCl. Erosive lesions of gingiva developed in all six subjects in Group I using the soda‐paste dentifrice and 5 m NaCl irrigant; however, no lesions were found in Group II subjects. The use of a saturated NaCl irrigating solution appears to be injurious to gingiva, possibly as a result of the markedly hypertonic solution dehydrating the epithelium.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.785

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

a vital root submersion procedurewas performed in a rare case of Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome (PLS). Although the etiology and pathogenesis are obscure, possible host genetic defects and known or unknown periodontal pathogens may play important roles in the progression of PLS. Since this patient did not respond to conventional periodontal therapy, a submersion procedure was employed to maintain the alveolar ridge and resulted in controlling the progression of the patient's severe periodontitis. The following is a report of the treatment and the rationale for therapy.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.789

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.794

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the gingival cyst of the adult(GCA) constitutes a pathologic developmental process that the dentist must be prepared to diagnose and treat. The GCA has been infrequently reported in the past as a unilateral phenomenon, but this case constitutes the first known report of synchronously occurring, bilateral GCA in the dental literature.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.11.796

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY