摘要:

it is generally accepted thatnormal prepubertal children do not develop periodontitis, and that the severity of gingivitis in prepubertal children is usually less than that observed in children after puberty. One possible explanation is that the bacteria associated with periodontal diseases cannot become established in great numbers prior to puberty. Studies by Kornman and Loesche and others suggest that levels of black pigmentedBacteroides, especially B. intermedius, increase with increased levels of gonadotrophic hormones in pregnant women. Delaney and Kornman have found that there is a similar increase in levels of black pigmentedBacteroideswith puberty. The present study involved cultural and microscopic characterization of the subgingival plaque flora of prepubertal, circumpubertal and postpubertal children with similar Silness and Löe plaque index scores. Puberty was confirmed through examination of wrist radiographs. Populations of black pigmented Bacteroides were very low in prepubescent children and were much higher in circumpubertal and postpubertal children. However,B. intermediuspredominated only in circumpubertal plaques. Levels of total motile bacteria increased at each age level, but levels of spirochetes above 2% were observed only in the postpubertal group. These results support those of previous investigators who postulated a relationship between hormone levels and black pigmentedBacteroideslevels in subgingival plaque and suggest that differences in the subgingival environment profoundly influence the proportions of suspected periodontopathic species in plaque.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.219

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

subgingival microflora in localized juvenile periodontitis(LJP) was examined by culture of certain bacterial species and by direct dark‐field microscopy in affected and unaffected periodontal pockets of 11 patients and in their age‐ and sex‐matched controls.Only Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(A.a.) correlated to periodontal destruction and occurred most frequently at the affected LJP sites.A.a., Bacteroides intermediusandFusobacterium nucleatumwere isolated in proportions>5% of the flora at the affected LJP sites, but variousActinomyces spp.at the unaffected and control sites. The proportions of straight rods, fusiforms and small spirochetes correlated to gingival bleeding tendency and were higher at the affected LJP sites than at the control sites. Certain nonpigmentedBacteroides spp.andEikenella corrodenswere never isolated when only cocci were seen at dark‐field microscopy. The more complex the flora, the more frequentlyB. intermediusoccurred. The results support a significant role forA.a.in LJP and indicate that certain bacterial species appear to prefer occurring in the complex composition of subgingival microflora.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.224

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Agroup of 162 maintenance patients, previouslystudied for compliance to suggested maintenance schedules, were surveyed for tooth loss over a 5‐year period. The group was divided into those who complied to suggested maintenance schedules and those whose compliance was erratic. It was found that none of the patients who had complied to suggested maintenance schedules lost any teeth. In the erratic group, where all tooth loss occurred, it was found that the more often a patient presented for maintenance, the less likely he was to lose teeth. These findings are discussed in relation to current studies on efficacy of various therapies for periodontal diseases.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.231

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

this study compared bite forcediscrimination between 14 treated periodontal patients with significant bone resorption and 14 control subjects who were free of periodontal disease. Bite force was measured using a strain gauge scale which permitted subjects to visually monitor when their bite force equaled a preset resistance. A bite force of 500 gm was selected as the standard. Subjects were presented with a series of paired resistance settings, one at a time, the first of each pair being the standard and the second being the comparator setting of some predetermined different amount. This procedure was continued until the subject's difference limen (DL) value, the threshold of discrimination between two bite forces, was established. The periodontal patients required an average of 334 additional grams of resistance over the standard before they could detect a difference, whereas the control subjects required only 201 additional grams. These group means were significantly different (P<0.01). The results of this study suggest that the periodontal ligament provides sensory feedback relative to bite force discrimination.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.236

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the healing process in a woundinduced by removal of 6 × 6 mm of gingiva and periosteum from the maxillary attached gingiva of 48 adult mongrel dogs was observed to investigate the potential blood supply for grafts placed on denuded bone. Three‐dimensional observations were performed over 12 weeks by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following the manufacture of corrosion capillary casts by acrylic resin injection. Revascularization in the gingival wound was mainly through formation of new capillaries from those existing below the surrounding epithelium with little new capillary formation from the Volkmann canals. Moreover, the periodontium contributed greatly to the vascularization, which was fastest from the gingival margin. Further, simplification of new capillary loops was also fastest from this direction. Regeneration of the periosteum and periosteal vascular plexus was slow, taking about twice the time of connective tissue and capillaries below the epithelium. The results indicated that blood supply to grafts on denuded bone in the early postgraft period would mainly be provided by capillaries below the epithelium surrounding the recipient bed.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.240

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

recent investigations on regenerationof the periodontium have attempted to define factors involved in the formation of a new connective tissue attachment. One essential biological event involved in tissue regeneration is directed cell migration (Chemotaxis). Extracellular matrix proteins have been shown to influence Chemotaxis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, the extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM), and the Polypeptide, endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF), have been shown to stimulate a variety of biological processes.Current assay systems which attempt to define cell migration are the Boyden chamber assay and a random cell migration assay. Neither assay system adequately definesin vivocell migration.Here we present a newin vitroassay system that tests the capacity of several biological response modifiers applied on dentin to stimulate a chemotactic and proliferative response from various cell types. The assay system consists of two types of assays. Assay I measures the chemotactic activity of test substances bound to dentin. In this assay cells must actively move through a filter (Nuclepore®)towards a factor bound to dentin. Assay II examines the ability of dentin‐bound biological response modifiers to stimulate directed movement and proliferation of cellson dentin surfaces. We report that periodontal ligament (PDL) cells migrate towards FN and ECGF; that PDL cell migration is enhanced when dentin is preconditioned with tetracycline HCl; that PDL cells have an increased proliferative response when dentin is conditioned with both FN and ECGF; that gingival epithelial cells have increased migratory and proliferative responses when LM is used to condition dentin; and that there is a reciprocal utilization of biological response modifiers by gingival epithelial cells and PDL cells.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.247

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

when radiographs of maxillary molarsare observed, a small, triangular radiographic shadow is sometimes noted over either the mesial or distal roots in the proximal furcation area. This study was undertaken to determine the reliability of using this radiographic image as an aid in diagnosing proximal furcation involvement. Sixty‐six Degree 1, 53 Degree 2 and 43 Degree 3 proximal furcation involvements in maxillary molars in dry skulls were assessed visually with the Nyman and Lindhe classification. An additional 120 uninvolved furcations were included as controls. The involved maxillary molars were radiographed with standard periapical radiographic techniques. Projected radiographs were evaluated independently by six dentists who determined whether there was a triangular radiographic shadow (“furcation arrow”) over the mesial and distal proximal areas. The association of the furcation arrow image with Degree 2 or 3 furcation involvement was significant when compared with uninvolved furcations. The image was equally apparent over mesial or distal furcations and was not affected by the existence of a buccal furcation involvement. The incidence of the image over both uninvolved proximal furcations and proximal furcations with Degree 1 involvement was low and did not differ significantly. Because the furcation arrow seldom appears over uninvolved furcations, the appearance of the image indicates that there is proximal bony furcation involvement. However, absence of the furcation arrow image does not necessarily mean absence of a bony furcation involvement because the arrow was not seen in a large number of furcations with Degree 2 or 3 involvement.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.258

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

the purpose of this study was to assessthe value of ultrasound in the measurement of periodontal bone morphology. Four patients scheduled for periodontal surgery were selected for the study. The Ocu‐Scan 400 machine was used and adjusted according to the manufacturer's instructions. Teeth involved in the study were measured on the facial aspect at three different points: mesial, midfacial and distal (except one tooth measured only at the mesial point). Two different presurgical measurements were made with the use of ultrasound. The distance between the gingival margin and the crest of alveolar bone was measured during the surgical procedure. No correlation could be made between the different measurements obtained. From the results the following was concluded: (1) measurement of alveolar bone topography with the presently available ultrasound probe is not accurate, and (2) ultrasound measurement is a fast and painless procedure.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.262

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

taxonomic screening of subgingival plaqueorganisms with various enzyme assays have shown thatTreponema denticela, Bacteroides gingivalisand an unspeciatedCapnocytophagaspecies possess a trypsin‐like enzyme (TLE) that can be detected by the hydrolysis of N‐benzoyl‐DL‐arginine‐2‐naphthylamide (BANA). As these organisms can be considered to be periodontopathic, it was of interest to determine whether this BANA hydrolyzing enzyme could be detected directly in subgingival plaque samples. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from single sites of known pocket depth, and after dispersal by vortexing, aliquots were incubated overnight with BANA and were counted microscopically. The color reactions were developed with fast garnet, read by the eye and classified as positive (red to red‐orange), negative (yellow) and questionable. In the BANA‐positive plaques, the spirochetes averaged 43% of the microscopic count, whereas in the BANA negative plaques the spirochetes averaged 8% of the microscopic count. The average pocket depth of BANApositive plaques was 6.7 mm, whereas the average pocket depth of BANA‐negative plaques was 4.5 mm. When both of these parameters were combined, the presence of a positive BANA reaction was usually indicative of subgingival plaques containing>34% spirochetes removed from sites that had probing depths of 7 mm or more. Seventy‐one per cent of the plaques removed from untreated periodontal patients were BANA‐positive, while only 8% of the plaques removed from successfully treated patients seen at maintenance recall visits were BANA‐positive.These data indicate that the ability of subgingival plaque to hydrolyze BANA is a reliable marker for the presence of high proportions of spirochetes in the plaque sample and possibly could be used clinically to identify those sites and/or individuals who might require treatment to reduce this spirochetal overgrowth.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.266

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

cysts of the incisive papillaare uncommon variants of the nasopalatine duct cysts. They may be symptomatic or asymptomatic and usually are not seen radiographically. This case report presents a flat, darkly pigmented asymptomatic lesion which required differentiation from a possible malignant melanoma. Due to its location in the anterior palate, this lesion is of interest and clinical significance to the periodontist.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1987.58.4.274

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY