摘要:

Adouble‐blind3‐treatment crossoverdesign employing a 6‐day trial period without mechanical oral hygiene measures was used to compare dental plaque formation following use of chlorhexidine (CHX) acetate‐, xylitol‐, and sorbitol‐containing chewing gum. Fourteen dental students were assigned a random ordering of use of the chewing gum products and received professional tooth cleaning at the start of trial periods. For each trial period, subjects were instructed to use 5 pieces of the unlabeled chewing gum daily (containing 5.0 mg CHX acetate/piece; 0.8 g xylitol/piece; or 1.0 g sorbitol/piece). Two pieces of chewing gum were used following each morning and evening meal and one piece following the noon meal. The subjects were instructed to use the products for 20 minutes at each occasion. A 7‐day washout‐period between trial periods was used. The Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein index was used to assess plaque formation. Differences between treatments were evaluated using a repeated measures ANOVA with Newman‐Keuls multiple comparisons. The CHX‐containing chewing gum showed significantly reduced plaque values (0.7 ± 0.4) compared to the sorbitol‐ (2.7 ± 0.4;P<0.01) and xylitol‐product (1.7 ± 0.3;P<0.01). Furthermore, the CHX‐product significantly reduced plaque levels compared to the study subjects' regular plaque control routines (1.3 ± 0.4;P<0.05). The xylitol‐product exhibited significantly lower plaque‐values than the sorbitol‐product (P<0.01). Our results suggest that regular use of CHX‐containing chewing gum appears useful to control dental plaque formation.J Periodontol 1996;67:181–183.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.181

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this in vitro studywas to determine whether there were differences in the number and size of osteogenic and hemopoietic colonies derived from bone marrow stem cells of aged and young adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Using a Ficoll‐Paque gradient, stem cells were harvested from aged male rats 18 to 22 months old and young adult males 55 days of age. Single cell suspensions from the red marrow of the long bones were cultured 14 days in vitro and subsequent colonies were assessed by light microscopy for number and size. A computerized histomorphometric linear measuring system was utilized to assess colony area in square millimeters. The results clearly show that young animals have a statistically significant increased cellular potential for osteogenic and hemopoietic colony formation. Cultures from aged animals showed an average formation of 0.45 ± 0.6863 osteogenic colonies while those from younger animals had an average of 3.6 ± 2.3523 osteogenic colonies per 3 million cells plated. Hemopoietic colonies from aged animal cell cultures numbered 5.25 ± 2.2449 while those from the young animals averaged 8.23 ± 3.3601 per 3 million cells plated. The difference in size of the osteogenic and hemopoietic colonies between age groups was not statistically significant. The area of osteogenic colonies derived from aged animals measured 0.1244 ± 0.0891 mm2, while those derived from the young animals averaged 0.1276 ± 0.0518 mm2. Hemopoietic colonies from the aged cells measured 0.0759 ± 0.0514 mm2, while hemopoietic colonies from the young animal cells measured 0.06010 ± 0.0180 mm2. The results of this study may have implications for consideration in the cellular healing aspects of aged versus young individuals.J Periodontol 1996;67:184–196.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.184

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histological studies have demonstrateda relationship between the amount of subgingival plaque and the magnitude and extension of gingival tissue reactions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate inflammatory reactions in the gingival tissues facing plaque accumulation at diamond and curet‐instrumented root surfaces. Experimental, deep periodontal defects were established at buccal surfaces of mandibular and maxillary canine teeth in 5 beagle dogs. The root surfaces were instrumented by a flame‐shaped, fine‐grained, rotating diamond point, or by a sharp curet. Next, the dogs were fed a plaque‐inducing diet for 70 days. The animals were then sacrificed, and tissue blocks of the experimental sites including teeth, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues were secured. The gingival soft tissue was processed for histomorphometric analyses at 3 levels. Epithelium and connective tissue area measurements showed no differences between the two instrumentations. Junctional epithelium (JE) cell point counts exhibited a higher proportion of inflammatory cells (IC) in specimens facing diamond compared to curet‐instrumented defects. A higher proportion of IC was present within the coronal compared to the apical aspect of the JE for both instrumentations (P<0.05). A significant difference in IC density between instrumentations was detected for non‐infiltrated (P<0.05), as well as for infiltrated (P<0.01) connective tissue. The infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) inflammatory cell density was significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated to the JE inflammatory cell density (r = 0.75), and to area measurements of ICT (r = 0.55). The overall results demonstrate that the character of subgingival root instrumentations significantly affects gingival inflammatory reactions, most likely by influencing subgingival plaque formation.J Periodontol 1996;67:197–204.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.197

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cystatins are physiological inhibitorsof cysteine proteinases and widely distributed in human tissues and fluids including saliva. Cystatins S, SA, SN, and D are only found in glandular saliva and tear fluid whereas cystatin C has been detected in all tested biological fluids. Previous studies demonstrated that total cystatin activity and cystatin C concentration were highest in whole and parotid saliva of periodontitis patients compared to healthy subjects suggesting a response of the salivary glands to an inflammatory condition of the oral cavity. Based on these results we studied a possible change in the concentration of cystatin S, cystatin C, albumin, IgA, amylase activity, and cystatin activity in whole and parotid saliva of 20 periodontitis patients as a consequence of periodontal treatment. Saliva samples were quantified for cystatins S and C, albumin, and IgA by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Amylase was determined in an activity assay and total cystatin activity was measured towards papain. The clinical condition of the subjects improved significantly after 6 months of periodontal therapy whereas biochemical analyses of whole and parotid saliva indicated that significant changes in salivary protein composition occurred only in whole saliva. Total cystatin activity (P<0.05) and cystatin C concentration (P<0.05) of whole saliva samples collected after periodontal treatment decreased to normal healthy control values. Further, concentrations of cystatin S were unchanged during the periodontal treatment process. These results suggest that other sources of cystatins than the parotid gland; i.e., other salivary glands or crevicular fluid, are involved in the decrease of total cystatin activity in whole saliva after periodontal treatment.J Periodontol 1996;67:205–212.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.205

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analysis of1,280private patientrecords from a periodontal clinic showed poor compliance with supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Data were analyzed according to sex, age, and type of treatment (with or without periodontal surgery). Analysis showed that 25.2% of the patients never returned and among those who report for SPT, only 40.1% did so regularly; the percent of surgical cases was greater (70.7%) and those patients had better compliance (77.6%); compliance of women was greater (76.5%); abandonment of supportive periodontal treatment was high (66.7%), and compliance increased with age. Several suggestions concerning clinical procedures are offered with the objective of motivating patients to give the necessary importance to supportive periodontal therapy.J Periodontol 1996;67:213–216.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.213

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this controlled clinical trialwas to compare the clinical efficacy of 3 treatment modalities in the treatment of deep interproximal intrabony defects. Thirty‐six (36) defects in 36 patients. were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups by blocking to prognostic variables. The test group was treated with bioresorbable membranes positioned coronal to the interproximal bone crest; the second group (membrane control) was treated with conventional non‐resorbable (ePTFE) barrier membranes applied coronal to the alveolar crest; the third group (flap control) was treated with an access flap procedure (MWF). No differences were observed in terms of baseline oral hygiene and defect characteristics among the 3 groups, indicating that the blocking approach was effective. A stringent infection control program was enforced for 1 year. The results indicated that: 1) at 1 year all treatment modalities resulted in clinically significant improvements in clinical attachment levels (CAL) and reductions in probing depths; 2) a statistically significant treatment effect (P<0.0001, ANOVA) was observed comparing the test (4.6 ±1.2 mm), the membrane control (5.2 ± 1.4 mm), and the flap control groups (2.3 ± 0.8 mm) in terms of CAL gains; 3) differences in terms of CAL gain between the test (bioresorbable) and the membrane control (ePTFE) groups were not statistically significant (P= 0.19,t‐test); 4) both the test and the membrane control groups gained significantly more CAL at 1 year than the MWF group (P<0.0001,t‐test). CAL gains ≥ 4 mm were observed in 83.3% of cases in both GTR groups, while CAL gains of this magnitude were not detected in the MWF group. We concluded that clinically significant CAL gains can be obtained.with GTR procedures using both bioresorbable and non‐resorbable membranes. Patients' morbidity, however, was lower in the group treated with bioresorbable membranes.J Periodontol 1996;67:217–223.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.217

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies from our laboratoryhave demonstrated that freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes from localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patients secrete more Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than do monocytes from healthy subjects. However, it is not clear if the altered function of LJP monocytes is intrinsic to the cells or is induced by the persistent infection of the periodontium. The present study was designed to compare PGE2secretion by freshlyisolated peripheral blood monocytes (FIM) from LJP and control subjects to in vitro monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM) from the same subjects. We also examined monocyte maturation into macrophage‐like cells and the cell‐surface expression of the LPS receptor, CD 14 during the culture period. FIM from LJP patients and controls were stimulated by different concentrations of LPS (0 to 30 μg/ml) for 24 hours. These experiments were performed immediately after cell separation and after 10 days in culture, which allowed differentiation of monocytes into MDM. PGE2levels in the culture media were determined using a radioimmunoassay. Cell surface expression of CD71, a cell maturation marker, and CD 14 were assayed by cell‐ELISA in relation to β‐2‐microglobulin. LPS‐stimulated FIM from LJP patients secreted 3 to 4 times more PGE2than control FIM at all LPS concentrations tested. After 10 days in culture, the LJP MDM secretion of PGE2reduced to control MDM level of PGE2secretion. These levels of PGE2secretion were comparable to PGE2secretion from FIM of controls. Cell maturation, as verified by CD71 expression, was found not to differ between the groups. However, the expression of CD 14 by LJP FIM was much lower than on control FIM (≈50%). After 5 or 10 days in culture, MDM from both control and LJP subjects expressed comparable amounts of CD 14. The results suggest that in vitro conditions reverse the hypersensitivity of LJP monocytes to LPS into control levels and CD 14 expression is not correlated to the hyper‐responsiveness of the cells to LPS.J Periodontol 1996;67:224–228.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.224

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The use of cleaning instrumentson titanium implants may cause undesired surface alterations. In a qualitative and quantitative assessment of these alterations, 5 titanium implant abutments were treated with a steel curet, a plastic curet, a prototype pure titanium curet, an air abrasive polishing system, and an ultrasonic system. Custommade polymer templates, used to secure the curet to a vertical guide bar and a spring scale to maintain a constant instrument pressure, guaranteed a standardized procedure and reproducible results. The ultrasonic and the air abrasive polishing method were also standardized. Evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed surface alterations for all instruments and systems except the plastic curet, which did not roughen the surface at all. The confocal laser‐scanning microscope allows a 3‐dimensional reproduction of these surface alterations and their direct measurement. The profilometric tracing was not sensitive enough to register the minor effects caused by the titanium curet and the air abrasive polishing system. Dimensions of the resulting surface microstructure could be determined with the laser‐scanning microscope. Since the influence of such surface defects on the peri‐implant tissue reaction is unpredictable, the titanium curet and the air abrasive system can only be recommended with restrictions. The steel curet and the ultrasonic system proved to be totally unsuitable for cleaning titanium implants.J Periodontol 1996;67:229–235.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.229

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this investigationwas to determine the ability of human gingival fibroblasts, in vitro, to migrate along a chemotactic gradient over 3 different guided tissue regeneration barrier materials; i.e., polytetrafluoroethylene, polylactic acid, and sterile calcium sulfate. Forty petri dishes were divided into 4 equal groups. In each group of 10 dishes, a different barrier material served as the fibroblast substrate with the polystyrene floor of one group of Petri dishes serving as the control. The under agarose technique of measuring cell migration was employed using platelet derived growth factor‐BB homodimer as the chemoattractant and Hanks balanced salt solution to test random migration. In addition, fibroblasts were directly cultured on triplicate sets of barrier materials and the control surface for 24 hours and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Comparative analysis of the fibroblast migration data showed the mean migration distance (adjusted for random migration) for controls to be significantly greater than any of the three barrier materials. Further, the mean migration distance over calcium sulfate was significantly greater when compared to that of the polylactic acid barrier group. All other possible comparisons between groups were not statistically significant. Scanning electron microscopic examination of fibroblasts cultured directly on barrier membranes and compared to controls indicated that the calcium sulfate substrate appeared to facilitate cell attachment and spreading whereas cells on polytetrafluoroethylene and polylactic acid barriers exhibited a morphology not conducive to migration or, in many cases, cell health. Based on these limited in vitro results and, given the 3 barrier materials considered, it would appear that calcium sulfate offers the greater potential for guided tissue regeneration in surgical sites where primary wound closure cannot be obtained.J Periodontol 1996;67:236–244.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.236

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Premature membrane exposureat one week is described in 3Macaca mulattamonkeys as part of a sequence of experiments on guided bone regeneration. Clinical sequelae include redness, edema, and tissue slough.Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Prevotella intermedia, andStaphylococcus intermediuswere detected at all prematurely exposed sites.Pseudomonas maltophilia, Strepi, pneumoniae, andP. intermediawere the predominant organisms detected and consisted of more than 10% of the total anaerobic count.J Periodontol 1996;67:245–249.

ISSN:1049-8885    

DOI:10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.245

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY