摘要:

AbstractThree methods for producing semiallogeneic (F1→parental) hemopoietic chimeras with retained or regained fertility are detailed here. Prenatal (PN) chimeras were produced by injecting F1([BALB/c ♀ × C3H/HeJ♂] or [CBA/J♂ × C57BL/6♂]) fetal liver (days 13–18) or adult bone marrow cells (106–107cells/20 μl/embryo) into the yolk‐sac cavities of days 13–17 gestation BALB/c or CBA/J embryos, respectively, and allowing them to be born naturally. Neonatal (NN) chimeras were made by introducing F1bone marrow cells (1–2 × 107cells/0.25 ml) into newborn (<24 hr old) female mice through the anterior facial vein. Female mice were raised to maturity in both cases. Ovary‐transplanted (OT) chimeras were made by first irradiating (9.5 Gy) and repopulating young female adult mice with 107F1bone marrow cells, followed by bilateral orthotopic transplantation of syngeneic ovarian tissue six weeks later. Females reconstituted with the above three methods were mated with normal syngeneic males and sacrificed at 11–16 days of pregnancy to evaluate hemopoietic chimerism. This was determined in all cases by a radioautographic evaluation of the extent of donor H‐2 phenotype marker expression on splenic small lymphocytes, after an indirect labelling of single‐cell suspensions with monospecific antibody and [125I]protein‐A. Results indicate that hemopoietic chimerism was best in the PN group (0.3–78.1%, mean = 27.1); intermediate in the OT group (5.8–38.2%, mean = 18.1); and low in the NN group (0–14%, with one exception, which was 83.6%). Observed fertility was best for BALB/c host PN chimeras. Decreased litter size was observed in CBA/J host chimeras of both the PN and NN groups. OT chimeras showed a decreased capacity to become pregnant as well as lowered litter sizes. These data suggest that the prenatal chimera system offers the best method for obtaining both good hemopoietic chimerism and excellent fertility in experimental mice for future studies

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe possible hemopoietic origin of certain precursors of uterine decidual cells appearing during normal murine pregnancy was investigated in semiallogeneic hemopoietic chimeras with retained or regained fertility. Chimeras were produced by three different methods in two donor‐host combinations: F1[BALB/c ♀ × C3H/HeJ ♂] cells introduced into the parental strain BALB/c ♀ hosts or F1[CBA/J ♀ × C57BL/6 ♂] cells introduced into CBA/J ♀ hosts. Prenatal chimeras (PN) were made by reconstituting mouse fetuses (day 13–17) with 106–107adult bone marrow or fetal liver cells through the yolk sac and they were allowed to be delivered naturally. Neonatal chimeras (NN) were made by injecting 1–2 × 107adult bone marrow cells into the anterior facial vein of neonatal mice (<24 hr old). In both cases, experimental animals were raised to maturity. Ovary‐transplanted chimeras (OT) were made by injecting 107bone marrow cells into lethally irradiated (9.5 Gy) young adult female mice, followed 6 weeks later with bilateral orthotopic transplants of syngeneic ovary grafts to restore fertility. All female chimeras produced by the three different methods were mated with syngeneic male partners to produce normal pregnancy. The extent of chimerism at the cellular level was determined in all cases by a radioautographic identification of the H‐2 phenotype of splenic lymphocytes and decidual cells and macrophages in the collagenase‐dispersed decidua at day 11–16 of normal pregnancy, following a sandwich labelling with monospecific anti‐H‐2 antibodies and125I– protein A. Morphological discrimination of typical decidual cells from macrophages in the collagenase‐dispersed decidua was carried out on the basis of several distinctive markers: presence of surface Dec‐1 and Thy‐1 and absence of surface F4/80 or latex phagocytosis for decidual cells, in contrast to macrophages which were phagocytic and expressed F4/80 but not Dec‐1 or Thy‐1. While the degree of hemopoietic chimerism (judged by the incidence of donor‐derived lymphocytes in the spleen) varied from animal to animal, in all three groups (PN, NN, and OT) comprising a total of 26 chimeras, the percentage of typical decidual cells expressing donor H‐2 phenotype showed an excellent correlation with that for small lymphocytes in the spleen. These results reveal that at least a sub‐population of typical decidual cells of the pregnant uterus has a hemopoietic genealogy. A possible familial relationship of these cel

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of cell death in involution of lactating breast was investigated in mice and rats by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis, recognized by sharply demarcated compaction of chromatin against the nuclear envelope and by shrinkage and budding of the whole cell to form membrane‐bounded apoptotic bodies, was responsible for major loss of cells in both species. In the mouse, rapid involution during the first 2 days was associated with shedding of large numbers of apoptotic bodies derived from alveolar epithelial cells into alveolar lumens. This was followed by more gradual regression, during which the bodies were mostly phagocytosed by macrophages within the epithelium. In the rat, glandular involution was a more gradual and uniform process, with shedding of apoptotic epithelial cells into alveolar lumens being much less conspicuous. Apoptosis of myoepithelial cells was observed in mice, the resulting apoptotic bodies being phagocytosed by intraepithelial macrophages, but was not detected in rats. Apoptosis of capillary endothelial cells caused rapid regression of the capillary beds in both mice and rats. Intraepithelial macrophages increased in number during involution, developed cytoplasmic lipofuscin pigment, and either remained within the epithelium or migrated to the interstitium and regional nodes. Cell loss by apoptosis has been demonstrated during involution and atrophy of a variety of other glands. It characteristically results in shrinkage of a tissue without disruption of its basic architectur

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerial cross and longitudinal sections of intrafusal fibers from the intracapsular portions of chicken tibialis anterior muscle spindles were incubated with a monoclonal antibody specific for chicken acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of the enzyme on presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes of neuromuscular junctions. The midequatorial sensory region which lacks organized sarcomeres was negative, but immediately distal to it faintly staining regions of AchE localization were observed on intrafusal fibers. In cross sections at the juxtaequator, the outlines of areas that were positive for AchE were either thin and crescentlike or thick and compact. The distribution of both types of localization continued into the polar region. Toward the more distal polar region, the intensity of sites on the postsynaptic membrane that reacted with the anti‐AchE progressively increased. In longitudinal sections, AchE localization was largely limited to two configurations. One was elongate, while the other was more round or oval and often also smaller. Both types might occur on the same, or on different, intrafusal fibers. Examination of silver‐impregnated sections revealed the presence of platelike and of traillike axon terminals. The variety of shapes observed on presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes warrants further study to determine whether chicken muscle spindles are innervated by more than one type of motor neu

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLight and electron microscopy were used to study the morphology of uterine lu–minal epithelium from 4 or 5 gilts slaughtered Oft each of days 10,13,16, and 19 of the estrous cycle. Ultrastructural evidence indicated that metabolic activity and accumulation of glycogen by the uterine epithelium increased between days 10 and 16 of the estrous cycle. This phase of high synthetic activity had been terminated by day 19, as evidenced by the reduction or absence of glycogen deposits and decreased incidence of organelles associated with synthetic activity. Diffuse degeneration of epithelial cells occurred throughout the period of study but was maximal between days 16 and 19. Mitotic activity indicated that cell replacement also occurred between day 16 and day 1

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatic stroma and parenchyma with its component cell types were quantitatively described in adult male and female actively‐spawning 5‐year‐old rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson). Point‐count morphometry of glycol methacrylate sections estimated volume compartments for stroma and parenchyma. Veins composed 85% of the stroma while arteries and bile ducts occupied approximately 6–7% each. Parenchyma accounted for 95% of hepatic volume. Point‐count morphometry of transmission electron micrographs estimated volume compartments as well as numerical and surface density measurements for parenchymal components. Within the hepatic parenchymal compartment, hepatocytes occupied 85% and showed significant sex differences. Female hepatocytes were significantly more numerous but were smaller, only 60% of the volume of male hepatocytes. Since hepatocyte nuclear volume was equal in both sexes, differences were due to reduced cytoplasmic volume in females. Perisinusoidal macrophages of females occupied larger volumes of their respective parenchymal compartments, and their larger mean cytoplasmic volumes suggested activation. Biliary epithelial cells of preductules and ductules were numerous. Ratios of numerical density of hepatocytes to biliary epithelial cells were consistent with a tubular arrangement of hepatocytes. Factors possibly mediating the sexual dimorphism ar

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pattern of nerves, ganglia, and fine nerve processes in the adult rabbit sinoatrial node, identified by microelectrode recording, was defined by staining histochemically for cholinesterase followed by silver impregnation. A generalized repeatable pattern of innervation was recognized, including (1) a large ganglionic complex inferior to the sinoatrial node; (2) two or three moderately large nerves traversing the sinoatrial node parallel to the crista terminalis; (3) nerves entering the region from the atrial septum, the superior vena cava, and the inferior vena cava; and (4) a fine network of nerve processes, particularly extensive in the morphologically dense small‐cell part of the sinoatrial node. When the site of initial depolarization in the node was located and marked by a broken‐off electrode tip, it was found, after cholinesterase staining, to be characterized by a cluster of cells enclosed in a nest or basket of fine nerves. Similar nested cell clusters were observed elsewhere in the sinoatrial node in this same preparation and in other hearts. A complex interweaving of atrial muscle fibers was observed medial and inferomedial to the sinoatrial node, which may form the anatomical basis for the lack of conduction through this region. The morphological pattern of nerves, ganglia, and myocardial cells described in this study emphasizes the complexity of innervation of the sinoatrial node, including its intrinsic neural elements. Cholinesterase/silver staining can be useful in the definition and comparison of electrophysiologically identified sites within the sinoatrial n

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of splenules derived from slices of freshly removed autologous spleen implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally was followed by light and electron microscopy from day 2 to day 70. Within 48 hr after transplantation, a rough space filled with blood, unlined by endothelium, formed just under the surface of the splenic fragment. The tissue central to this vascular space was disrupted and necrotic. In the outer portion of the vascular space, fibroblasts appeared and created locules which developed into a highly vascular, hematopoietic red pulp. From the inner portion, blood percolated into the central necrotic tissue.At 1 week the splenule was divisible into concentric structures. The capsule was outermost. A shell of vascularized, highly hematopoietic red pulp lay within the capsule, having replaced the vascular space. Central to the red pulp lay a band of fibroblasts and macrophages. Next was a layer of fibroblasts in a matrix of degenerating cells, and, at the center, a necrotic core. As fibroblasts and macrophages moved centrad, the red pulp moved with them, expanding and replacing the necrotic tissue.The splenule differed in character from the original spleen. Splenular red pulp, especially near the surface, was unusually hematopoietic. The circumferential reticulum of white pulp was reduced or absent, and the boundary between red and white pulp was sometimes indistinct. Some white pulp was subcapsular, and the capsule and surrounding connective tissue were infiltrated by lymphocytes. The necrotic core of the splenule was typically surrounded by a zone containing large blood vessels, connective tissue, and adipocytes.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001850101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY