摘要:

AbstractFifteen catecholamine‐containing cell groups and eight indoleamine‐containing cell groups are present in the brain of the squirrel monkey. Most of the catecholamine‐containing cell groups (12) are similar to catecholamine‐containing cell groups previously described in the rat. However, three catecholamine‐containing cell groups not previously noted are found in the squirrel monkey brain.The indoleamine‐containing cell groups are found within, or adjacent to, the raphe nuclei. Differences between the localization of indoleamine‐containing cell bodies in the brain of the rat and the squirrel mon

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnatomical differences in olfactory structures point to a more highly developed olfactory sense in the frugivorous batArtibeus jamaicensisthan in the insectivorous batMyotis lucifugus. Artibeus'nostrils show greater potential for differential control of nasal airstreams. Its nasal cavities, in contrast toMyotis, are clearly demarcated into olfactory and respiratory portions. Both species have seven turbinals, but of the five ethmoturbinals,Artibeushas four endoturbinals and one ectoturbinal whereasMyotishas three and two, respectively. The configuration and histology of the more complex turbinals ofArtibeusindicates a greater surface area of olfactory epithelium. The nasal epithelia are thicker inArtibeus. Olfactory receptors appear similar in both species but the thickness and composition of the olfactory epithelium inArtibeussuggests the presence of about twice as many receptors per unit area. This is also reflected in the relative prominence of olfactory nerve bundles. From these and other bulbar relationships we conclude that the proportion of fila olfactoria to large mitral cells, as reflected by the olfactory bulb glomeruli, is some function of a fundamental 2:1 relationship. Nasal glands, with flaps covering two of their more prominent ducts, and blood vessels are more pronounced inArtibeus. This presumably correlates with the nasal type of phonation exhibited by this bat as well as a greater ability to condition air per se. Nasopalatine ducts exist in both species but onlyArtibeushas a vomeronasal organ. A diffuse ganglion accompanies the organ; some of its neurons are associated with the unmyelinated vomeronasal nerve, whereas others are intraepithelial. The vomeronasal nerve terminates in a prominent accessory olfactory bulb.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of combined blinding and olfactory bulbectomy alone or with pinealectomy on body growth, and pituitary and serum levels of growth hormone and prolactin were examined in young female rats. The animals were 23–24 days old at the time of the operations, and they were sacrificed 52 days later. Blind, anosmic rats had elevated serum and depressed pituitary stores of prolactin. The blind, anosmic rats which were also pinealectomized showed prolactin levels which were intermediate between those of the blind, anosmic and sham control animals. On the other hand, combined blindness and anosmia decreased serum growth hormone levels and again pinealectomy prevented this effect. The observed changes in the ultrastructure of prolactin and growth hormone cells were well correlated with these alterations in hormone level

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA fluorescence method was used for study of the adrenergic cardiac nerves of the cat. Sixteen regions of the heart were examined. The sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and the interatrial septum were the most richly innervated regions of the heart. There was little difference between the density of innervation in sections of atrial and ventricular portions of the myocardium. Most of the adrenergic nerves supplying the ventricles were derived from large bundles in the atrioventricular sulcus and were distributed through the subepicardial plexus. Each coronary artery was sparsely innervated in its initial elastic segment, but the vasa vasorum were well innervated. The main trunks of the coronary arteries were surrounded by plexuses composed only of preterminal axons; adrenergic vasomotor terminals were plentiful on the external surface of the muscular media of major and minor myocardial branches. Dense plexuses of adrenergic nerves were seen in both atrioventricular valves. The pulmonary valve was well innervated and contained more adrenergic nerves than the aortic valve. Perivascular plexuses and freely ending adrenergic terminals were observed in the pericardium. Small intensely fluorescent cells were grouped around small blood vessels in the interatrial septum. Most were in the vicinity of the atrioventricular node. It is suggested that these cells, under neural control may secrete catecholamines into the microcirculation of the interatrial septum. They may exert local humoral control over the atrioventricular node or the atrial parasympathetic ganglia.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe olfactory epithelium of Necturus is approximately 300 μ thick, or two to three times the thickness seen in most other vertebrates. The epithelium contains three cell types, olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. The receptor cell population is made up of both non‐ciliated and ciliated cells in a ratio varying from 1:1 to 2:1. The ciliated cell morphology is essentially similar to that of other vertebrates. The non‐ciliated cells contain groups of centrioles located at various levels in the supranuclear cytoplasm and a fibrogranular complex similar to that seen in cells engaged in ciliogenesis. This variable morphology suggests a continuous turnover of olfactory cell population, or, at least, a continuous turnover of the dendritic portion of the cell. Alternatively it may indicate that there are two different receptor cell populations with different functions. The supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium contain a variable number of secretory granules. In the anterior part of the nasal sac there are relatively more cells with many granules whereas in the posterior region the supporting cell cytoplasm contains mostly smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Olfactory receptor axons are ensheathed in groups by basal cell cytoplasm before they leave the epithe

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective was to describe the cytological changes that occur in prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) cells of the rat hypophysis during pregnancy and lactation and to correlate these changes with secretory activity of the two cell types. The cells were demonstrated with immunohistochemistry and secretory activity was indicated by pituitary and serum hormone concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay.During pregnancy, two forms of prolactin cells were observed in the pars distalis. One form (prolactin cell I) was small, polyhedral, and constituted most of the prolactin cell population. A second form (prolactin cell II) was found occasionally in pituitary glands of nonpregnant rats and became prominent during pregnancy. It was polyhedral, many times larger than prolactin cell I, and had a restricted distribution in the pars distalis. During gestation prolactin cells I exhibited little change in size, number and staining capacity. Similarly, pituitary and serum prolactin concentrations indicated that the hypophysis releases little prolactin during pregnancy, except for the first few days after conception and before parturition. During lactation, the staining intensity of prolactin cells I and the pituitary prolactin concentration varied little. Prolactin cells II were lightly stained and rare throughout lactation.The staining capacity of luteinizing hormone (LH‐) cells increased as pregnancy progressed in parallel with a rising pituitary concentration of LH during the first half of pregnancy. However, the immunohistochemical procedure appeared to be too insensitive to reflect the gradual fall in pituitary LH concentration during late pregnancy. During early lactation, the reduced staining capacity of LH‐cells was correlated with a low pituitary concentrat

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe systemic arterial pattern of the guinea pig was studied to determine the arrangement of the major arterial trunks and their branches. Fifty‐nine specimens were examined by dissection, angiography, and corrosion casting. The arterial arrangement was found to resemble a typical mammalian pattern, although some exceptions were noted. For example, the internal carotid arteries were small and of questionable significance in the cerebral blood supply. Instead, a major portion of the blood supply to the brain appeared to be provided by the internal ophthalmic arteries. In the thoracic region, large dorsal scapular arteries originated and were distributed in part to the large fat pad in the dorsal cervical region. Also, each vertebral artery arose as two separate rami that anastomosed a few millimeters from their origin. The arterial pattern of the thoracic limb presented no unusual feature

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectron microscopic studies have revealed the presence of both dyads and triads in the accessory muscle of the walking leg of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas. The dyads and triads are present in approximately equal numbers. The evolutionary significance of the coexistence of dyads and triads in such an ancient animal is discussed.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcinar cells of human major salivary glands, fixed and processed for electron microscopy under identical conditions, exhibit secretory granules endowed with distinctive ultrastructural features.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001390201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY