ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnatomists have led the way for 75 years in developing internationally acceptable terminology for macroscopic structures of the human body. During the past 12 years terms have been gathered for histology and embryology. Nomenclature in all three areas have been adopted for international use by the Fifth to Ninth International Congresses of Anatomists. Cooperation with biomedical and other scientists will promote better communication and understanding now and provide a useful tool for future science information systems. Embryologists, histologists and gross anatomists can be proud of their current accomplishments, but should continue to work diligently to incorporate new terms as they become generally acceptable.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of hypophysectomy or alloxan diabetes on the capacity of the adult male rat to replete organ protein composition was studied. Adult male rats that were fed a protein‐free diet for 30 days exhibited a loss of protein in the liver, kidney, gastrocnemius muscle and heart and of RNA. Total DNA and cell size (P/DNA) changes varied with the organ studied. Hypophysectomy followed by protein refeeding moderated the increase in liver protein and cell size and prevented the increase in RNA observed in normal rats. Diabetes had no effect on liver repletion. Hypophysectomy completely prevented the normal increase in kidney mass, total protein and cell size associated with refeeding, whereas diabetes moderated only the cell size increase. Diabetes effectively blocked the anticipated increase in protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle associated with refeeding, whereas hypophysectomy was followed by an increase in total muscle protein. Repletion of the heart was prevented by hypophy‐sectomy but not by diabetes in which an increase in total protein and in cell size occurred. Neither endocrine deficiency prevented a gain in body weight nor in nitrogen retained but distribution of the retained amino acids was markedly modified. Thus organ responses to endocrine deficiencies are influenced by body protein reser

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe question of the identity of the high‐affinity binding sites for progesterone with those of the corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) was investigated in pregnancy serum of man, rabbit, rat and mouse. Chromatographic techniques failed to separate a potential progesterone‐binding macromolecule from CBG in any of the sera. Competition studies with enriched fractions containing added [3H] progesterone and [14C] cortisol strongly bound to protein showed displacement of [3H] progesterone by an excess of unlabeled cortisol, andvice versa.It is concluded that CBG is the principal progesterone binder in the pregnancy sera investigated and that no other protein with high affinity for progesterone is present in significant quantity.In contrast, the progesterone‐binding globulin (PBG) in the serum of the pregnant guinea pig is distinct from CBG and has been separated from it. The PBG differed from the uterine cytosol receptor for progesterone in its sedimentation coefficient (sucrose gradient centrifugation) and its molecular size (gel filtration). With both the uterine receptor and PBG, norethynodrel displaced radiolabeled progesterone from the specific binding sites. This is in contrast to analogous binding systems involving other steroid hormones and other species, where the synthetic hormonal agent interacts strongly with the receptor protein of the target tissue, but not with the high‐affinity binder in

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA low iodine diet fed to rats resulted in decreased absolute amounts of circulating triiodothyronine and protein‐bound iodine (PBI), but an increase in the triiodothyronine: protein‐bound iodine ratio. Since baseline protein‐bound iodine values were high, it is possible the “normal” diet fed was in fact a high iodine one. In this event, the fall in protein‐bound iodine with the low iodine diet would be greater than that in thyroxine concentration. The relative increase in triiodothyronine compared to PBI concentration with the low iodine diet could result from preforential synthesis and secretion of triiodothyronine by the iodine‐deficient thyroid; or could be due to accelerated removal of thyroxine due to increased peripheral utilization. Either change could keep body metabolism normal or nearly so over an extended period o

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInternal vascular ultrastructural detail of renal microcirculation observed by a combination of latex injection/corrosion/scanning electron microscopy techniques can be correlated with structures visible in transmission electron micrographs. Glomeruli of normal and hypertensive rats have been examined using both techniques. In the casts, indentations occur which are comparable in size, shape and frequency to nuclei of endothelial cells; and other irregular indentations may be correlated with the occurrence of platelet thrombi and endothelial cell proliferation. From these observations we conclude that ultrastructurally accurate casts of blood may be visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Such visualization offers much promise for the study of microcirculatory structures in states of disease and altered function.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo thousand four hundred and fifty‐six male and 1432 female Syrian hamsters, dying spontaneously at different ages, are arranged in age at death increments of 100 days. These are arranged further into groups of intact male, female, orchiectomized and ovariectomized animals; animals with and without benign or malignant tumors; animals treated with androgen, estrogen or both; animals with or without various hormonal imbalances; solitary and grouped animals; and virgins and breeders. The age at death incidences of each sex are plotted in graphs. Although longevity is decreased by gonadectomy and by neoplasia, the same sex differential is evident in each group, with males showing a distinct and consistent tendency to outlive females. Results are expressed in absolute numbers and in percentages. The data provide strong evidence supporting the frequently published suggestion that the Syrian hamster may be remarkable among mammals in that males tend to outlive female

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a series of monkeys attempts were made to determine the distribution of primary vestibulocerebellar fibers arising from cell groups of the vestibular ganglia that innervate distinctive parts of the labyrinth. Lesions in the vestibular ganglia were produced by extradural surgical approaches in cell groups which innervate: (1) the cristae of the anterior and lateral canals, (2) the macula of the utricle, (3) the macula of the saccule, and (4) all receptor components of the labyrinth. In a control series selective lesions were produced in the cochlea and cochlear nerve. Vestibular and cochlear lesions were studied in serial sections of the petrous bones stained with Sudan black B. Degeneration in the brain stem and cerebellum was studied in sagittal and transverse sections stained by the Nauta‐Gygax and Wiitanen technics.Vestibular fibers projecting to parts of the cerebellum represent ascending branches of root fibers which largely traverse the superior vestibular nucleus and enter the cerebellum via the juxtarestiform body. In the cerebellum fibers divide into medial and lateral bundles. Medial branches projecting fibers to the ipsilateral nodulus, uvula (lamina d) and lingula appear to arise from cells in all parts of the vestibular ganglia. Cells in the superior vestibular ganglion (SVG) innervating the cristae of the anterior and lateral canals project fibers to floccular folia 5 to 10; the utricular cell groups of SVG projects fibers mainly to floccular folia 5 and 6 while the saccular cell group of the inferior vestibular ganglion (IVG) projects fibers to floccular folia 3, 4, 5 and 6. Collaterals of fibers passing laterally in the peduncle of the flocculus end in ventromedial parts of the dentate nucleus.Some vestibular fibers projecting to parts of the flocculus penetrate the entire thickness of the granular layer and break up into fragments near Purkinje cells and in basal parts of the molecular layer. Such fibers appear to represent climbing fibers.Cochlear lesions produce degeneration in localized regions of the ipsilateral dentate nucleus.Cell groups of the vestibular ganglia innervating different receptor components of the labyrinth have unique areas of predominant projections in different folia of the flocculus and common regions of termination in portions of the nodulus and uvul

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective was to assess the effectiveness of antiserums to the β‐subunit of bovine TSH (thyrotropin) and α‐ and β‐subunits of LH (luteinizing hormone) for immunochemical staining of rat pituitary cells and in so doing to acquire more information about the properties of the subunits. For the following reasons it was concluded that antiserum to TSH‐β is specific for demonstration of TSH‐cells. The morphology and distribution of the presumptive TSH‐cells so revealed conform to the descriptions presented by other investigators who have used histological techniques. When pituitary TSH content was reduced by thyroidectomy or administration of propylthiouracil or thyroxine, the stainability of TSH‐cells was reduced; it was increased with elevation of TSH content during rebound after cessation of propylthiouracil treatment. The effectiveness of anti‐TSH‐β was lost after absorption with bovine TSH.The specificity of antiserum of LH‐β for demonstration of LH‐cells was indicated since the cells demonstrated with it correspond to the gonadotropic cells described by others with respect to morphology, distribution and response to gonadectomy. Antiserum to LH‐α, the nonspecific subunit of LH, permitted staining of both TSH‐ and LH‐cells. The individuality of TSH‐ and LH‐cells, as revealed immunochemically with antiserums to the respective specific β‐subunits, was demonstrated by double staining and by comparison of adjacent sectio

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis light microscope study on the cell diameters of six myocardial structures was based 15 primate hearts. One hundred cell measurements were made of each cell category in each of five speciments of three primate species (monkey, baboon, man). Mean values of cell diameter, range and the standard error of each group of measurements are presented in graph form. The coefficients of variation between the cells in each of the five hearts of each species are presented. Microscopically the small cells of the SA and AV nodes constitute a more uniform population, while the atrium, AV bundle and left bundle branch have a heterogeneous admixture of large and small cells. Left ventricles of the human and baboon hearts had more uniform cell populations than did the left ventricle of the monkey. Representative examples of the more heterogeneous areas are demonstrated photographically. The sources of error, importance of several cardiac junction sites, significance of cell diameter in cardiac hypertrophy and the potential relationship between cell size and cardiac conduction velocities are presented.

ISSN:0002-9106    

DOI:10.1002/aja.1001350211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY