ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the last decade there has been increasing emphasis on the role of healthy eating in the prevention of disease. The aim is to make people aware of the need to be more responsible for their own wellbeing. As attention is drawn to improving our diet there is now also greater awareness of the need to apply the same principles to our pets.I intend to discuss the key elements of dietary selection; nutrient content, energy, digestibility and palatability which are to be considered when formulating a healthy feeding regimen. Both physiological and environmental factors affect food intake and often animals' feeding habits will be affected by their owner. Finally, it must be remembered that cats and dogs are individuals and will always have their own particular food preferences. As long as a balanced diet is offered to the animals in sufficient quantities our pets should enjoy long and healthy lives.

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNutritional diseases are common in exotic species. Some animals fail to thrive in captivity and may die of inanition. At the other end of the scale obesity is frequently seen. Specific deficiencies and imbalances occur ‐ for example, metabolic bone disease, vitamin C deficiency, thiamine deficiency and vitamin A deficiency. Guidelines for feeding exotic and pocket pets are needed. It is particularly important to know and understand the natural history of the species in question, to take into account the importance of acceptability and palatability of food items and to ensure that the diets offered are as varied as possibl

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAbnormalities affecting the pancreas or small intestine can result in malabsorption and diarrhoea by interfering with either the degradative or absorptive phases in the handling of one or more nutrients. Diet may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain disorders and can also influence the nature and severity of the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can have serious nutritional consequences as the pancreas plays a crucial role in the degradation of the main dietary constituents. Whereas gastrointestinal peptidases help compensate for pancreatic protease deficiencies, malabsorption of carbohydrate and fat occurs and can result in osmotic and secretory diarrhoea, respectively. Small intestinal disease can result in malabsorption by interference with either the number or functioning of individual enterocytes. Diarrhoea may be due to stimulated secretion and diminished absorption of fluid and electrolytes, and also to the osmotic effects of small molecules, particularly carbohydrates, that remain in the lumen. Specific therapy depends on the disease. Dietary management is also important, for example with a restricted fat diet containing highly digestible carbohydrate and a high quality protein source. Where a specific dietary sensitivity is suspected, such as gluten‐enteropathy, a hypoallergenic diet may prove particularly valuabl

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV) is a dramatic and enigmatic disease of large and giant breed dogs characterised by the rapid accumulation of gas in the stomach. This causes gastric dilatation, twisting of the stomach about its long axis, compression of surrounding organs, hypovolaemic and cardiogenic shock, and if untreated, death. It has been estimated that the disease afflicts approximately 60,000 dogs in the USA each year with a mortality rate ranging from 7 to 60 per cent depending on accessibility to adequate veterinary care. The cause is unknown. While diet was at one time believed to be associated with the genesis of the disease, critical review of available data provides no evidence to support this hypothesis. A variety of predisposing or risk factors have been identified but none is suspected of being the cause, indeed, the disorder may have a multiple aetiology. Current thinking suggests that the final common pathway in the development of GDV may be an inhibition of gastric motility and emptying. This could come about through a primary disruption of normal gastric electrical patterns or through the effect of extraneous stressful events that disrupt gastric motility. After dilatation a series of potentially lethal events is unleashed which include compression of the caudal vena cava, pooling of blood in the microcirculation of the viscera and hindlimbs, metabolic acidosis, gastric necrosis, cardiac arrhythmias, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypotensive and cardiogenic shock and death. Nevertheless, even advanced cases can survive if treated appropriately. If the cause could be identified logical prophylaxis might follow. Studies at the University of Florida have failed to demonstrate any effect of diet on gastric function in large breed dogs, suggesting that diet is probably not the cause of the disease.Researchers at Colorado State University also found no association with diet in clinical patients. Recent studies at the University of Florida have revealed distinct abnormalities in gastric electrical activity in GDV patients. In human patients these abnormalities, called dysrhythmias, have been associated with gastric distention, bloating, delayed emptying, nausea and retching. Unfortunately, dysrhythmias are also present, albeit to a lesser degree, in experimental GDV. These findings leave unanswered the question as to whether abnormalities in gastric motility play a role in the genesis of GD

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe β‐sulphonic amino acid taurine is synthe‐sised in animals from dietary sulphur amino acids. Cats exclusively use taurine to conjugate cholic acid rather than being able to use the alternate glycine conjugation. Since total body synthesis of taurine in cats is limiting, metabolic deficiencies of taurine occur when the dietary intake of taurine is restricted. A deficiency of taurine in cats is expressed by aberrant functions of a wide range of organ systems. Pathological changes occur in the eye, feline central degeneration; reproductive abnormalities occur in the female, a high incidence of fetal resorptions and abortions, low birth weight and survival of live‐born young; growth rate in the new born kitten is depressed; heart induction of dilated cardiomyopathy and compromised immune function. All these conditions are prevented or reversed with adequate dietary taurine. While all tissues contain taurine, the concentration varies with the tissue. Generally plasma has been used to assess taurine status in cats, but the concentration of taurine in plasma varies widely. Food deprivation of cats given high taurine diets causes a marked fall in the concentration of taurine in plasma. Major changes in whole blood concentration do not occur as rapidly as plasma and therefore appear to be a superior diagnostic test for taurine status. An inadequate number of samples have been analysed to define a marginal taurine level from whole blood concentration to prevent clinical signs. The minimal dietary concentration of taurine to prevent clinical signs of efficiency is dependent on the type of diet. For commercial expanded (dry) cat foods a concentration of 1200 mg taurine/kg dry matter appears adequate.Higher concentrations are required in canned diets, 2000 to 2500 mg taurine/kg dry matter to supply adequate taurine. The reasons for the higher concentration of taurine required in canned foods is not due to availability of taurine in the classical context. Rather it appears that heating during the canning process produces products which increase enterohepatic loss of t

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY