摘要:

The particle size of dexamethasone was microscopically determined in polarized light in two emulsion ointments: a standard water-in-oil formula (aqueous wool alcohol ointment), and a standard oil-in-water formula (aqueous hydrophilic ointment), both containing 0.025% dexamethasone. The distribution of dexamethasone was on average smaller and finer in the water-in-oil emulsion than in the oil-in-water emulsion. In a further series of experiments we studied by means of the adhesive tape-stripping method the proportions of the particle size and counted the total number of particles in various layers of the stratum corneum in vivo. The difference between the two emulsion types once again proved to be significant, but only as far as the epidermal barrier. A new, uniform particle size spectrum was formed at this level, having a maximum value of 24 μm, which, irrespective of the type of ointment, allows a release of the dexamethasone in the live epidermis and dermis. The original particle size distribution is thus qualitatively insignificant in so far as the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone below the barrier zone is concerned. Since the particle size has a strongly distorted frequency distribution, with a marked shift to the left, only about 0.5% of the particles in the w/o emulsion and only about 2% in the o/w emulsion are in fact larger than 56 μm, the maximum value measured lying just below the surface of the horny layer. Any loss during further penetration is probably negligibl

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257870

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The histological changes induced by 1 month’s applications of various corticosteroids to normal forearm skin were studied. Marked epidermal atrophy was present at 1 month with the more potent steroids, but the dermal changes were minimal or absent. The methods outlined in this study could serve as a useful model for assessing the unwanted atrophogenic action of potent corticosteroid preparation

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257871

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A review is given of the methods used to estimate the atrophogenicity of corticosteroids after topical use. An experiment was performed in human volunteers in which measurement of mean epidermal thickness showed that the adverse effect of betamethasone 17-valerate exceeded that of placebo, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate ranking in between. To evaluate the atrophy caused by corticosteroid on dermis the radiological technique of Black was further modified and adapted. With this method clobetasol proprionate proved to give significantly more atrophy compared with a placebo. The atrophy disappeared 2 months after treatment was stopped.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257872

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

All glucocorticosteroids inhibit growth, regeneration and repair of cellular or intercellular components of dermal connective tissues, when penetrated through the skin barrier. The resulting atrophy is a logical manifestation of the action of these compounds.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257873

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The vasoconstriction caused by four topical corticosteroid preparations was compared according to subjective ranking and according to measurement by a tristimulus colourimeter (Momcolor®). The measured results agreed well with visual evaluation. The colourimeter was proved to be measuring the degree of vasoconstriction. Among the preparations examined, the vasoconstriction effected by hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream (Locoid®) and by betamethasone dipropionate ointment (Diprosone®) was stronger than that exerted by triamcinolone acetonide (Ftorocort®) and fluocinolone acetonide (Flucinar®). With the aid of colourimetric measurement of the vasoconstriction, differences could be demonstrated between clinically effective topical corticosteroid preparations. An open question remains, what the predictive significance is of the objectively measured vasoconstriction test, for clinical prac

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257874

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Different hydrocortisone microcrystal suspensions applied intradermally in rabbits caused skin atrophy. This could be ascribed to secondary tissue degeneration as was ascertained histologically. The degree of degeneration was related to the concentration of the suspension, size of the microcrystals and frequency of the intervals between the injections. The ground substance of the connective tissue changes and is characterized by a basophilic granular mass, homogenized collagen fibers and degeneration of the elastic fibers. The patho-mechanism of local skin atrophy not only differs from connective tissue degeneration caused by systemic corticosteroid treatment but also from the degeneration caused by topical treatment.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257875

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A method used to assess the atrophogenic effect of steroids by electron microscopy after ruthenium red staining is described. In two patients more atrophy was observed after fluocinolone treatment than after hydrocortisone 17-butyrate treatment.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257876

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nine cases of perioral dermatitis and 16 cases of rosacea-like dermatitis have been treated for the last 3 years at our clinic. These cases were all females whose ages ranged from 18 to 61 years with a mean of 45 years. All had been under treatment with fluorinated steroids for a period of from 3 months to 10 years, about 3 years on the average. Tetracyclines were beneficial as remedies for these conditions, bringing about healing or remission in approximately 3 months. About 1 year was required for the recovery from atrophy of the skin and telangiectasia. Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate was more useful as a topical medication than hydrocortisone acetate but gave rise to withdrawal rebound eruptions in some cases.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257877

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Perioral dermatitis has been ascribed to the use of oral contraceptives, cosmetics, toothpastes or to an infection with Candida or Fusobacteria, etc. However, seborrheic diathesis, together with the use of potent topical steroids, appeared to be the main cause of the affection. This was confirmed with the help of a number of observations in the clinic and by inference from data regarding the geographical spread of the potent steroids.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257887

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

All clinically effective topical corticosteroids have the potential for suppressing the pituitary-adrenal axis if large amounts are applied under occlusion on extensive areas. Recovery of the axis function occurs rapidly. In children, however, the risk of chronic suppression of the adrenal axis function with impairment of growth after topical treatment with potent steroids is a real one. Potent steroids in children should, therefore, only be used on refractory areas with carefully controlled quantities.

ISSN:1018-8665    

DOI:10.1159/000257888

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger