摘要:

SummaryRecently a number of outline soil survey maps, on a scale I: 25 000, each covering some IOO km square, have been made available by the Soil Survey of Scotland to County Advisory Officers) Planning Officers, and others who have specialist requirements. In North Central Ayrshire a number of major roadworks have been completed in recent years and the Kilmarnock and Hurlford Bypasses are at present under construction. Site investigations have been undertaken in connection with these works and construction records kept. These make possible the assessment of the usefulness of the soil survey maps for initial route and realignment planning of roads.The delineation of the various soil associations on the soil survey maps related very closely to the limits of the various engineering soils encountered. The groupings adopted by the soil surveyors for boulder clays have, however, been found to be narrower than presently required by engineers) while the groupings adopted with respect to the raised beach and alluvial deposits too wide.It is suggested that the engineering behaviour of boulder clays needs closer examination and any correlations between engineering and soil association groupings should be sought. Also if the grading, water content, and bulk density of the raised beach sands and gravels could be given by the soil survey, this information would permit engineers to make a much better judgement of the road‐bearing capacity of these materials. Alluvial deposits should be similarly tested and distinguished as either riverine or lacustrine deposits.To avoid duplication of effort in the future when geotechnical maps are produced and to gain the maximum benefit of the information so far collected, a closer liaison between engineers and the Soil Survey of Scotland is suggeste

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe adsorption of methylene blue and the accompanying colour change appears to be a fairly specific and sensitive reaction for colloidal soil clay, especially when used with chromatography paper as a supporting medium. Thus minute amounts of clay in migrating soil solutions can be detected, and stability and electro‐phoretic mobility of very dilute suspensions evaluate

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐four soils from north‐east Scotland have been subjected to differential extraction techniques to determine the effect of hydromorphism on various Fe, Mn, and A1 fractions. There were pronounced losses of dithionite‐extractable Fe and Mn from gleyed horizons, but the 'silicate‐Fe’fraction appeared to be relatively unaffected. The oxalate‐extractable Fe and A1 fractions also decreased in response to gleying. The ratio of the oxalate‐ to dithionite‐extractable Fe fractions (Fe0/Fed) increased in gleyed horizons, presumably due to variations in the rate of ageing and crystallization of amorphous Fe oxides

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA method for fractionating soil copper was developed and applied to 24 soils representing a range of British soil types.The scheme distinguishes five fractions:(a) soil solution and exchangeable copper;(b) copper weakly bound to specific sites;(c) organically bound copper;(d) copper occluded by oxide material; and(e) residual copper mainly in clay lattice structures.Correlation and regression analyses confirmed the general validity of the scheme and indicated an association between free manganese oxides and copper which considerably influences the distribution of copper between the main soil constituents. It is suggested that the concentration of copper in the soil solution is controlled by equilibria involving specifically adsorbed copper and that the bulk of the‘available’soil copper reserves reside in the organically b

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of the perhydrol (H2O2) treated soils on the decarboxylation rate of d,1‐3(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl) alanine (DOPA), as examined by radiorespirometry, is highly significant and well‐correlated (r=+0.913) with the clay content.Among the pure Na clays used, Wyoming bentonite had the strongest effect on the DOPA decarboxylation. The reaction was activated by phosphate buffer and completely inhibited by a dithionite treatment.Gas phases like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, or nitrogen do not inhibit the DOPA decarboxylation rate.A chromatographic study of the intermediate products formed during DOPA degradation reveals the presence of 5,6‐dihydroxyindole. These results suggest that DOPA degradation by clays proceeds by a sequence of oxidoreductive reactions following the Raper (1927) scheme. The ferric oxides associated with the clay, and not the dissolved oxygen, are the electron acceptors. DOPA is oxidized to eumelanin which has an elementary percentage composition of C = 62.65; N = 11.05; H = 6.30;

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryConcentration of inositol phosphates, phospholipids, and RNA and its derivatives of ten Bangladesh soils varied between 17.5 and 150 ppm, 0.5 and 11.0 ppm, and 0.22 and 1.30 ppm respectively. Variation in inositol phosphates was related to total phosphate and organic phosphate contents. Variation in phospholipids was associated with total phosphate, organic phosphate, and organic matter contents whereas the variation in RNA and its derivatives was related to total phosphate contents of the soils. Maximum mineralization of inositol phosphates was obtained in the first 30 days either when incubated with lime or when submerged under water. A moderate rate was observed in the subsequent 30‐day incubation periods. The mineralization was greater in soil which contained more organic matter and inositol phosphates. Mineralization also increased with pH. Liming enhanced mineralization as it induced conditions for the proliferation of phosphate transforming organism

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe mineralogical composition and retention properties for radioisotopes (20Sr and137Cs) of soils developed in five basalt flows of age varying from 6000 years to about four million years occurring in western Victoria were investigated. The trend of mineral weathering has been almost exclusively to amorphous material, kaolinite‐plus‐halloysite, and chlorite, the more soluble products of weathering having been removed. The most significant changes in clay mineralogical composition with time are the progressive decrease in the Si02/Al2O3molar ratio of the amorphous material in the clay fraction of the surface horizons, from an initial value of approximately 4 to values of approximately 2, and the progressive increase in the amount of kaolinite‐plus‐halloysite, both in the topsoil and at depth, with age of the basalt flow. The amount of kaolinite plus halloysite increases from approximately 20 per cent of the clay of soil developed in the basalt flow 6000 years old to approximately 50 per cent of that of soil in basalt about four million years old. Evidence for the presence of halloysite was obtained by electron microscopy studies. The amorphous material and chlorite contents, each of which constitutes between 20 and 50 per cent of the clay fractions, decrease concurrently with the increase in kaolinite‐plushalloysite content.Fixation of Sr by whole soil samples was controlled by the organic matter and free iron oxide contents rather than by the mineralogy of the samples. A high proportion of the added Cs was sorbed by whole soil samples. Much of the sorbed Cs was not readily replaced by CaCl, washings but was replaced in part by subsequent washing with NaCl of pH 5.3 and almost entirely by subsequent NH4Cl washings. Much of the Sr and Cs deposited on these soils by rainfall and dry fall‐out would be sorbed; the ease of replacement suggests that these elements would be available for further movement through the

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA close relationship exists between inorganic phosphorus fractions and mineralogical changes in ‘C’‐grade Christmas Island rock phosphate calcined at temperatures up to 1100 °C. Amounts of acid‐extractable Ca‐P closely followed the presence and crystallization of calcium phosphates. Amounts of NH4F‐P were related to the presence of simple aluminium phosphates. The ammonium fluoride reagent did not extract more complex aluminium phosphates such as crandallite and millisite. These minerals were considered to be present in the 2nd NaOH‐P and residual‐P fractions. NH4F‐P plus acid‐extractable Ca‐P was closely related to r

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPhosphate minerals of the plumbogummite group were tentatively identified in a strongly weathered and leached New Zealand soil formed from granite by comparing changes in inorganic phosphate fractions, after calcination, of a soil sample with those occurring in Christmas Island rock phosphate. This identification was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Plumbogurnmite minerals were mainly concentrated in the so‐called residual organic P fraction with a lesser but significant proportion in the residual inorganic P fraction. Phosphate minerals of this group may be quite common in other strongly weathered New Zealand so

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing an ethylene glycol mono‐ethyl ether (EGME) retention method, full unimolecular layer coverage of Ca‐montmorillonite surfaces was established in 2 hours in an evacuated system (0.5 mm Hg) containing a free liquid surface of EGME and dry CaCl2, as a separate phase. EGME retention in the presence of CaCl2‐EGME solvate led to incomplete unimolecular layer coverage, the EGME retention being governed by exchangeable Ca‐EGME interaction and not by the real extent of the clay surface. Unlike montmorillonite which has the two layers of EGME molecules between adjacent alumino‐silicate sheets, a vermiculite intercalated only one layer of EGME in the interlamellar space. Relevant X‐ray and differential thermal microanalysis data a

ISSN:0022-4588    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY