摘要:

Abstract:Background:Hepatitis C virus infections are known to be common in injectable drug users (IDU) both in New Zealand and overseas. Little is known of the hepatitis C genotype frequency in this population.Aims:To confirm the high incidence of hepatitis C virus infections in IDU and compare this with the frequency in oral drug users (ODU) as well as identify the pattern of hepatitis C genotypes present.Methods:Use was made of an experimental nucleocapsid assay as well as a conventional anti‐HCV assay. HCV‐RNA was identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and a variation of this method was used for HCV genotyping.Results:Seventy‐four per cent of IDU were reactive for anti‐HCV in both types of assay. PCR testing detected several more reactive samples. Dominant genotypes were Types I and V, but Type IV was not detected. Mixed infections were noted in some patients. There was a low frequency of anti‐HCV in ODU.Conclusions:Hepatitis C virus infections are a problem in IDU in New Zealand, and additional public health measures may be required. The distribution of genotypes of HCV‐RNA are similar to those seen in other Wester

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Background:Stroke is the third leading cause of death in much of the developed world. There are two approaches to lowering mortality from stroke: reducing the incidence of stroke and reducing case fatality rate.Aims:To determine factors, identified at presentation, that were predictive of mortality in elderly persons with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:A consecutive series of 215 elderly persons admitted to hospital with acute cerebral infarction, confirmed by computerised tomography, were followed for an average of one year. A proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of mortality.Results:The following variables were identified on univariate analysis as predictors of death: raised serum creatinine, interstitial oedema on chest radiograph, low score on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, atrial fibrillation, advanced age, cardiomegaly, raised leucocyte count, pulmonary venous congestion and homonymous hemianopia. Interstitial oedema was the most powerful predictor of death among the four measures of cardiac status. Two successful multivariate models included: 1) interstitial oedema, serum creatinine, age and homonymous hemianopia; 2) serum creatinine and Mini‐Mental State Score. Further studies are required to assess the relationship between elevated serum creatinine and poor survival following str

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Aims:This report reviews the outcome of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on patients aged 75 years or over at this institution, in order to provide statistics that may be useful in managing elderly patients.Methods:All elderly patients undergoing PTCA between January 1984 and December 1990 were included. Data concerning the PTCA procedure and short term (hospital stay) outcome were compared to those of all patients less than 75 years who underwent PTCA during the same period. Long term outcome was obtained for all surviving elderly patients.Results:One hundred and eleven procedures were performed on patients over 75 years, compared to 3183 procedures on patients under 75. The incidence of PTCA in the elderly increased to 6.7% of all procedures in 1990. Elderly patients were more symptomatic (97% vs 79% in patients under 75 years had Canadian Cardiovascular Society grade 3 or 4 angina), more frequently had the procedure performed urgently (39% vs 14%) and often (67%) had risk factors for PTCA (3 vessel disease, significant left ventricular dysfunction, or a complicating medical illness). Primary success rates (86%vs90% in patients under 75 years), urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (1.8%vs1.9%) and Q wave infarction (1.8%vs1.0%) were similar in the two age groups. In the elderly, procedural difficulties requiring non standard equipment were common (61%), and in‐hospital mortality was increased (4.5%vs0.7%). Additionally, three patients died after discharge resulting in a 30 day mortality of 7.2%. A favourable long term outcome was obtained in 50% of patients at a mean follow up of 20 months. Unfavourable or neutral outcome was due to one or more of the following; death (16%), coronary artery bypass grafting (19%), acute myocardial infarction (7.5%) or significant residual angina (17%).Conclusions:Highly symptomatic patients over 75 years constitute a high risk group for PTCA, with approximately half obtaining a favourable long term outcom

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb04434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY