摘要:

Abstract:The possibility that smoking induces duodenogastric reflux was examined in 13 healthy male volunteers. Gastric juice was aspirated for four consecutive 20‐minute periods, and reflux quantitated by measuring total bile acids (TBA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA) in the juice. One cigarette was smoked during either period 2 or period 3. Amounts of bile acids (μmoles; means ±SEM) refluxing into stomach during the pre‐smoking, smoking, and post‐smoking periods respectively were: TBA—4.5 ± 1.1, 5.4 ± 3.0 and 3.9 ± 1.6; CDCA— 1.7 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.9 and 2.0 ±1.1; GCA—1.8 ± 1.7, 1.1±0.6 and 1.0 ± 0.6. Paired analysis revealed no significant effect of smoking on any of these parameters. These findings, based on quantitative methods, do not confirm those of previous unblinded and semiquanti‐tative studies. We conclude that smoking one cigarette does not provo

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The level of serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in response to intravenous Boots secretin has been measured by radioimmunoassay in 50 patients with documented chronic pancreatitis and 33 controls with no evidence of pancreatitis. Both groups showed significant increases in serum PP but patients with chronic pancreatitis had asignificantly smaller response than controls. An abnormal PP response to Boots secretin has been defined as a peaklbasal ratio of less than five. Using this criterion, 90% of patients with chronic pancreatitis had a ratio of less than 5. whereas 91% of controls had a ratio of 5 or greater. There was a 92% correlation between a normal or abnormal pancreatic bicarbonate concentration and a normal or abnormal peakl basal PP ratio in response to Boots secretin. These results suggest that the serum PP response to Boots secretin may provide a simple, inexpensive and noninvasive method of accurately diagnosing chronic pancreatitis.

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:To study the clinical picture and survival of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in Hong Kong, the records of 298 non‐alcoholic patients with histologically proven CAH were reviewed. The male:female ratio was 3:l. The mean age (±SD) on presentation was 47.3 (±13.1) years. The liver was shrunken and the mean mass (± SD) at autopsy was 887 gm (± 266) compared to 1343 gm (± 172) in cases without liver disease. The spleen was enlarged to 2 to 20 cm below the left costal margin in 98% of cases. The survival graph showed an annual mortality of approximately 13%, without a tendency to flatten out within ten years of diagnosis. Survival was best in patients presenting with splenomegaly alone, average in those presenting with ascites or gastrointestinal haemorrhage and worst in those presenting with hepatic decompensation. The modes of death were significantly correlated with the chief complaints on first presentation (P<0.001). The study documented the clinical aspects of CAH in Hong Kong and amplified the differences reported among CAH patients between Australia an

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:1. The effects of a single 25 mg oral dose of captopril on blood pressure, heart rate and circulating renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, bradykinin and catecholamine levels were examined in untreated patients with essential (n = 10, Group I), accelerated (n = 6, Group II) and renal hypertension (n = 8, Group III) studied on a normal sodium diet.2. Mean blood pressure fell only slightly in Group I patients, (113 ± 3 to 109 ± 3 mmHg at 60 minutes) but a greater fall was observed in Group II (153 ± 8 to 135 ± 11 mmHg) and a marked fall in Group III, (136 ± 3 to 114 ± 5 mmHg). There were no significant changes in heart rate in any group.3. Plasma angiotensin II levels were significantly reduced 30 minutes after captopril in all three groups and returned toward resting values after four hours. The falls in plasma angiotensin II levels were accompanied by reciprocal increases in blood angiotensin I and plasma renin, but blood bradykinin and plasma catecholamine concentrations remained unchanged.4. Resting plasma renin levels showed considerable overlap in the three groups and the mean renin values were not significantly different in the three groups. After captopril a marked rise in plasma renin concentration (>2.5 ng/ml/hr) was observed in seven patients in Group III, including all six patients with renovascular disease. In contrast, none of the patients with essential hypertension and only one patient with accelerated hypertension had such an increase. Determination of the acute renin and blood pressure responses to converting enzyme inhibition with a single oral dose of captopril appears to be useful in identifying patients with renovascular hyperte

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Echocardiograms, systolic time interval measurements and electrocardiograms were obtained before treatment of 15 Nigerian patients with severe hypertension (WHO stage 2) but without overt heart failure. These were compared with the measurements in 12 normo‐tensive controls. In the hypertensive subjects, left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness, septal thickness, relative wall thickness and LV wall mass were greater than normal (P<0 ‐ 01 respectively). However, the LV cavity size was within the normal range. The increase in LV wall mass correlated positively with the increase in mean blood pressure (r = 0.96, P<0.001). The ejection fraction (EF) and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (mVcf) were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05) respectively, while the calculated systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was elevated (P<0.01). The pre‐ejection period (PEP) was prolonged, but left ventricular ejective time (LVET) was shortened and therefore PEPILVET was increased. Eiectrocardiographic criteria did not detect left ventricular hypertrophy in four out of the 15 hypertensive patients, all of whom had left ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiography. These findings are similar to the abnormalities described for non‐African hypertensive patients; and show that hypertension causes LV dysfunction before the onset of overt heart

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Thirty‐eight patients with advanced breast cancer, resistant to prior endocrine therapy and in most cases prior chemotherapy, were treated with aminoglutethimide, 250 mg qds. Seven of 30 evaluable patients (23%) responded. Six have subsequently relapsed with a mean duration of response of 17 weeks, while one continues to respond after 50 weeks of therapy. Six additional patients (20%) had stable disease during aminoglutethimide therapy (mean duration of 16 weeks). Three of the seven responders had shown a partial response, two had stable disease and two had progressive disease on prior endocrine therapy (including tamoxifen); six of the seven patients responding to aminoglutethimide had received prior combination chemotherapy, to which ail had responded.Aminoglutethimide was generally well tolerated, although three patients withdrew from treatment within the first two weeks because of intolerable drowsiness. Aminoglutethimide offers a useful alternative to surgical adrenalectomy for women with advanced breast cancer responsive to previous endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherap

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Patients with lepromatous leprosy and tuber‐culoid leprosy, together with normal aged matched controls, were tested for in vitro immunoreactivity against a panel of soluble extracts prepared from normal human tissues. The panel consisted of a soluble homogenate of human testis as well as two partially purified fractions of this extract, and control extracts from other human tissues. Immunoreactivity was assessed by extract induced peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) transformation, leucocyte migration inhibition (LMI) and leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI).Although no difference in PBL transformation, LMI, or LA1 was obtained between the groups with the control tissue extracts, significant reactivity was obtained for the patients with lepromatous leprosy in at least one of the in vitro tests, when one of the testis extracts was used (Mann‐Whitney test). No such reactivity to the testis extracts was obtained in the patients with tuberculoid leprosy or the normal control subjects. Of the twenty‐two patients studied with lepromatous leprosy, thirteen had clinical evidence of testicular disease and nine of these patients had raised PBL transformation and LAI reactivity to the testis extracts.This finding of immunoreactivity against testicular extracts in a significant number of patients with lepromatous leprosy by at least one of the in vitro tests used, suggests that the associated in vivotesticular atrophy that occurs in these patients may have an autoimmune

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Caucasian diabetic patients in Australian surveys showed a significant difference in the distribution of glyoxalase phenotypes. Insulin dependent diabetic patients with age of onset less than 40 years had a relative excess of glyoxalase homozygote 1–1 and adeficiency of types 2–7 and 2–2. Non‐insulin dependent diabetic patients were not significantly different from non‐diabetic subjects in the distribution of glyoxalase phenotypes.Insulin dependent diabetic patients without the complications of retinopathy or neuropathy also showed a significant excess of glyoxalase type 1–1 in relation to the control group. Genes controlling glyoxalase polymorphism appear to be associated with the variations of diabetes and its co

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Thyrotrophin‐binding inhibitory immuno‐globulin (TBII) activity and HLA typing were performed in 38 Chinese patients with Graves' disease to find out the relationship among TBII activity, HLA antigen and relapse. Twelve out of 13 patients who were TBII‐positive at anti‐thyroid drug withdrawal relapsed. All seven patients with HLA‐DR3 antigen relapsed, whereas all ten patients in remission did not have DR3. Therefore, both TBII activity at drug withdrawal and DR3 antigen could predict subsequent relapse. However, a larger patient sample is required to determine the precise relationship between TBII activity and HLA‐

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A coronary risk factor screening and referral service was established in Inverell, New South Wales, in July 1978. In non‐Aboriginal subjects, there was an increasing prevalence of coronary risk factors with age (hyperlipi‐daemia, hypertension and obesity), except for cigarette smoking which showed a reverse trend. Allowing for minor differences in sampling, the average level of plasma chalesterol, blood pressure and cigarette smoking in rural Inverell closely resembled that in Sydney. However, Inverell subjects of both sexeswere consistently more overweight at all ages. Aboriginal subjects of both sexes showed an increased prevalence of hypertriglyceri‐daemia and cigarette smoking compared with non‐Aboriginal subjects, whilst hypertension and obesity were also more prevalent in the Aboriginal females. High coronary risk Inverell subjects sustained significant improvements in serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking and body weight levels over one year of follow‐up. Community‐wide control of hypertension was initially unsatisfactory and this

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03518.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY