ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween 1983 and 1985, 71 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were evaluated. Pulmonary manifestations were present in 42 patients (59%).Pneumocystis cariniipneumonia (PCP) was the most common pulmonary manifestation, present in 32 patients (45%). Other pulmonary findings were cytomegalovirus pneumonia (one patient),Candidapneumonia (one patient), cryptococcal pneumonia (one patient), bacterial pneumonia (three patients), nonspecific pneumonitis (three patients), Kaposi's sarcoma (one patient), and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (one patient). The presenting features of PCP were reviewed and in seven patients the chest X‐ray and blood gases were normal at the time of diagnosis of PCP. Bronchoscopy was a safe and useful technique for obtaining specimens for diagnosis promptly, and a combination of samples obtained by bronchial washings/brushings and transbronchial biopsy was found to give a higher diagnostic yield than any single sample. Drug side‐effects were common during therapy, requiring change of therapy in 16 patients. At one month after diagnosis 16% of patients with PCP had died. PCP is a common pulmonary manifestation in patients with AIDS which is treatable and has an initially favourable ou

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNedocromil sodium is a new antiasthmatic drug with properties similar to sodium cromoglycate. We examined the efficacy of nedocromil sodium compared to placebo in 71 asthmatic patients in a three‐centre double‐blind parallel group study over 12 weeks. During the study the patients' maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were progressively withdrawn. Nedocromil sodium had an advantage over placebo in the number of withdrawals related to uncontrolled asthma, 14 and 24 respectively (p= 0.03). Changes in symptom scores, peak flow rates and bronchodilator use favoured nedocromil sodium occasionally during the study. The unusual taste of the active drug was reported frequently. Nedocromil sodium is more efficacious than placebo in asthma maintenance, but does not replace inhaled corticostero

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA coronary prognostic index (CPI) for the prediction of mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been constructed with data from 644 Chinese patients in Hong Kong. According to this CPI, patients with AMI could be divided into subgroups with increasing hospital mortality from 1.6% to 100%, depending on their ages, blood pressure, heart size, serum urea level, positions and types of infarcts, the presence of pulmonary congestion and cardiac dysrythmia in the initial three days. This simple and convenient CPI could be useful for the objective assessment and stratification of AMI in the Chinese, as well as in many other developing countries in the Asian‐Pacific regio

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntibodies to the species‐specific phenolic glycolipid (PGL‐1) ofMycobacterium lepraeand a crudeM. lepraesonicate were measured by ELISA in sera from newly diagnosed and treated leprosy patients from Sydney and Nepal. IgM anti‐PGL‐1 antibodies were present in 88–90% of untreated patients at the lepromatous pole of the clinical spectrum and 35–55% of those at the tuberculoid pole. In treated patients with either form of the disease, IgM anti‐PGL‐1 antibodies were within the normal range or minimally elevated. In contrast, high levels of IgG anti‐PGL‐1 antibodies were detected in both treated and untreated patients. Neither IgM nor IgG anti‐PGL‐1 antibodies were elevated in sera from Mantoux negative controls and only one out of 15 sera from patients with untreated tuberculosis contained significant amounts of antibody. Comparison of the data from the anti‐PGL‐1 assay with the antibody response to a crudeM. lepraesonicate revealed that the latter assay yielded more variable results and discriminated less well between lepromatous and tuberculoid subjects and between untreated patients and those on therapy. Thus the IgM anti‐PGL‐1 response signifies the presence of active disease, particularly in multi‐bacillary cases, and has the potential to be used not only to monitor the response of these patients to therapy, but also to detect subclinical leprosy in high‐risk groups such as the relatives o

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe range of protein binding of valproate and the use of unbound and total plasma concentrations of the drug were studied in an outpatient population of 70 epileptics. The unbound fraction of plasma valproate ranged from 4.2% to 11.7% with a median of 7.1%. A non‐linear relationship was found between unbound and total plasma valproate concentrations and was best described by a cubic regression (r2= 0.88). This concentration dependent protein binding was also demonstrated by a linear relationship between total plasma valproate concentration and unbound fraction (r= 0.46). As expected, there was no correlation across the patient population between plasma concentrations of valproate and seizure frequency. In an individual patient, however, plasma valproate levels usually correlated with change in clinical status, although this correlation was no better for unbound levels than total levels. There were only three patients in whom unbound valproate levels correlated better with clinical effect than total levels, whereas there were six patients in whom total levels correlated better than unbound levels. It is therefore concluded that monitoring sodium valproate therapy with unbound concentrations is rarely helpful and the routine use of unbound valproate levels cannot be advocate

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree patients with severe hemophilia and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection seropositive for virus antibody, presented with thrombocytopenia. Treatment with prednisolone, danazol (in one patient) and intravenous gammaglobulin, produced only transient responses. In one case, danazol treatment resulted in a rash, fever and a further fall in platelet count. The use of combined intravenous gammaglobulin and splenectomy successfully resulted in sustained elevation of platelet counts in all three patients. These counts have remained elevated at eight months, ten months and 17 months after operation.

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY