ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Clinical settings in pseudomembranous colitis. S. J. M. Goulston and V. J. McGovern,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 139–145.Renewed interest in pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) has occurred in recent years due to an increased incidence following the introduction of the antibiotics clindamycin and lincomycin. However, the disease was well known before the antibiotic era. In this paper the histopathological features are re‐emphasised and the similarity to early amoebic colitis is stressed. From a background of 32 patients, some unusual clinical settings are described. These consist of an association with renal transplantation; the demonstration of the lesion on the mucosal surface of rectal polypi and metaplastic bladder mucosa; its occurrence in an area of isolated ileum presenting as a “blind loop syndrome”: and examples suggesting that this disease can exist for quite long periods of time or may recur several times in the same

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Free insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon profiles in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. R. S. Scott, E. A. Espiner, R. A. Donald and M. J. Ellis,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 146–150.Glucose and hormone profiles, including plasma levels of glucagon, GH, total insulin, free immunoreactive and biologically active insulin were determined by hourly sampling in two groups of insulin dependent diabetics. The five patients in Group I were recently diagnosed and still had residual β‐cell function. The other six in Group II had disease of longer duration, had developed insulin antibodies, and were non‐secretors of C‐peptide. All patients were studied while receiving their usual maintenance doses of Semilente mono‐component insulin (Novo). Daily insulin requirements were 25.6 ± 4 U in Group I and 52.2 ±7 U in Group II. The glucose profiles were similar in the periprandial periods but over the whole 24‐hour period control was more unstable in the patients of Group II and during the period 2400–0200 h plasma glucose fell to low levels (minimum plasma glucose 1.5–3.0 mmol/l). Free insulin levels rose to peak levels over a similar time course but then fell more slowly in the Group II subjects. These patients had higher free, biologically active insulin and lower glucagon levels which were coincident in time with the early morning hypoglycaemia. These observations suggest that raised free insulin levels in the setting of an impaired counter‐regulatory glucagon response are one of the factors contributing to glucose instability in

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Thyrotrophin displacement activity of serum immunoglobulins in health and disease. M. S. Croxson, T. M. T. Lim, F. M. Graham and H. K. Ibbertson,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 151–156.A radioreceptor assay for TSH displacement activity (TDA) was employed as an index of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIg) in serum from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. TDA was>20 in normal subjects (37/37), patients without thyroid disease (36/38), non‐toxic goitre (18/19) and toxic nodular goitre (16/17) and was significantly lower in Nepalese subjects with severe endemic goitre. TDA was>20 in 84% of patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease (70/83), in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (3/17) and following subtotal thyroidectomy (8/14) or131I therapy (7/11), but was ≤ 20 in euthyroid patients treated with carbimazole (58/59) and during spontaneous remission (18/19). Serial TDA measurements during antithyroid drug therapy suggested that carbimazole has a direct effect in reducing TS/g concentration but that TDA is not a useful prognostic indicator of short term relapse or rem

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Viral hepatitis and the drug cult: A brief socio‐epidemiological study in Sydney. C. R. Boughton and R. A. Hawkes,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 157–161.Study of 141 individuals attending a Sydney drug referral centre revealed considerable psychosocial maladjustment in the group. Seventy‐five per cent showed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, past or present, as compared with 73% of control subjects. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen was found to be twice as frequent as a serological marker of HBV infection, as antibody to hepatitis B surface antigenPrevalence rates of antibody to hepatitis A virus were similar in the drug and control groupsHepatitis possibly due to hepatitis non A non B virus infection, was found in 74% of those with clinical and biochemical hepatitis at the time of the

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Labetalol and propranolol in mild hypertensives: Comparison of blood pressure and plasma volume effects. S. N. Hunyor, G. E. Bauer, M. Ross and H. Larkin,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 162–166.Labetalol administered in a small to moderate dose (first month 400 mg/day, second month average 585 mg/day) was effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) (‐21/‐18 mmHg, recumbent) in 11 of 13 mild essential hypertensives over an eight‐week period, despite a significant (+294 ml) increase in plasma volume. The effect of propranolol (first month 160 mglday, second month average 234 mg/day) was significantly less on both blood pressure (‐9/‐9 mmHg) and plasma volume (+98 ml), although the pre‐propranolol BP was lower and the final BP achieved on the two medications was comparable (labetalol 147/89 mmHg, propranolol 145/89Six patients who continued labetalol for periods of up to 14 months had persistent plasma volume expansion. Three of these, taking a higher dose of labetalol, developed resistance to the drug's antihypertensive effect. Addition of a diuretic restored antihypertensive efficacy and led to a fall in plasma volume. No such plasma volume expansion was seen in six patients who were followed on long term propranolol therapySome plasma volume expansion with the combined alpha‐ beta‐adrenoceptor blocker labetalol may be appropriate to its vasodilator action. Provided this effect is not excessive, it appears not to lead to resistance to its antihypertensive action. Small to moderate doses of labetalol would, therefore, seem effective without concomitant diuretic. Such sole use of labetalol could help minimise orthostatic symptoms which can be a major side effect of c

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Is the incidence of deep vein thrombosis following myocardial infarction decreasing? W. R. Pitney, A. Hickey, A. Gopinath and S. Dean,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 167–171.A trial was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of the antiplatelet drug, flurbiprofen, and subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis following acute myocardial infarction. The original aim of the study could not be fulfilled as the incidence of isotopically‐determined venous thrombosis in the group of control patients was only 9.5%. The incidence in all three groups was too low to assess the effectiveness of flurbiprofen prophylaxis. It is suggested that the low incidence may be related to the recent practice of early physiotherapy and ambulation in coronary care units. The patients who developed venous thrombosis were, on average, a little older than those who did not. No differences were observed in blood viscosity, plasma antithrombin III concentration or mean coronary prognostic index. The low incidence of venous thrombosis following acute myocardial infarction suggests a need to reassess the practice of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in this condi

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Shortened cardiac rehabilitation: A three year experience. V. M Jelinek, R. W. Ziffer, I. G. McDonald and G S. Hale,Aust N.Z.J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 171–175.One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐four (19%) of patients with acute myocardial infarction seen in a three year period from 1975 to 1978 were considered low risk patients suitable for rapid mobilisation, early discharge, and early exercise testing. Their mean long term Norris Prognostic Index was 3.2; the mean date of discharge was 9.6 days, and the mean date of exercise testing was 10.5 days. There were seven deaths and nine non‐fatal recurrenf myocardial infarctions in a mean follow up time of 14.2 months. These events were best predicted by a history of angina prior to myocardial infarction or radiological cardiomegaly detected in the CCU. Altogether 98 (80%) of the patients returned to work at a median time of six weeks after their infarct. The nett effect of the team activity has been to reduce the need for referral to the National Heart Foundation Assessment Centre from an average of 15 patients per year to an average of

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:A comparison of nontransmural and transmural myocardial infarction. J. Boxall and A. Saltups,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 176–179.This report compares the past history, hospital course and follow‐up of 70 patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction compared to 259 patients with transmural myocardial infarctionThe pre‐infarction history in the two groups is similar with respect to angina and infarction. The hospital course for non‐transmural myocardial infarction is not a guide for future cardiac events and the post‐hospital prognosis in the two groups is similar. Nontransmural myocardial infarction has a lower hospital mortality (P<0.05). Patients in whom nontransmural myocardial infarction is a first coronary event have a lower incidence of subsequent angina (P<0.05).The study demonstrates that myocardial infarction without development of q waves does not have an unfavourable long term outlook when compared to transmural infarction. This finding is contrary to reports which suggest a poor prognosis and recommend early coronary anteriography with a view to aorto‐coronary bypass in patients with nontransmura

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:The influence of beta blockers upon plasma cyclic AMP levels. J. F. England,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 180–181.Beta adrenoreceptor blocking drugs with high intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (pindolol and alprenolol) produced significant elevation of plasma cyclic AMP levels, when compared to propranolol. In hypertensive patients, despite these marked differences in plasma cyclic AMP levels, similar blood pressure control was achieved with these three beta blocke

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1980.tb03709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY