摘要:

Abstract:Conventional treatment and its effect on survival of malignant pleural mesothelioma in Western Australia. A. W. Musk and S. D. Woodward, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982,12, pp. 229–232.Analysis of the survival of all 81 cases of pathologically confirmed malignant pleural mesothelioma in Western Australia between January 1957 and December 1980 has revealed a median survival from diagnosis of 5‐1 months (mean 7–8 months). The average time between presentation and diagnosis was 3–4 months. Survival was better in younger subjects and subjects selected for surgery but was unrelated to sex, symptoms at onset, history of asbestos exposure, tumour morphology, therapy other than surgery or year of presentation. The selection of subjects at earlier clinical stages for surgical intervention is considered to account for their longer survival. The outlook for patients with this disease remains poor and there is still no optimism for future advances in

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Comparison of nebulised sodium cromoglycate and oral theophylline in controlling symptoms of chronic asthma in pre‐school children: a double blind study. C. J. L. Newth, C. V. Newth and J. A. P. Turner, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 232–238.The efficacy of nebulised sodium cromoglycate and an oral theophylline solution at currently recommended doses were compared in one to six‐year‐old children with chronic asthma. Twenty‐six children completed a 24‐week double‐blind trial of treatment with sodium cromoglycate (SCG), theophylline and a combination of both. The three regimens were administered, each for eight weeks, in a random sequence. SCG was administered by inhalation as a nebulised solution in standard doses of 20 mg qid and serum drug concentrations were recorded. Theophylline was given as liquid aminophylline. Dosage was individualised with the assistance of serum theophylline measurements and averaged 6‐1 mg/kg/dose q6h.Patients had an average of 61% symptom‐free days while on SCG and combination regimens, compared with only 46‐5% for days free of symptoms when on theophylline alone (p<0–05). There was significantly less use of supplementary medication for acute symptoms (p<0 05) when on the combination of SCG and theophylline. No regimen was more frequently associated with symptoms of exercise intolerance or decreased appetite.Numerous adverse side effects to theophylline were recorded, but none were recognised with SCG.SCG is at least as effective as theophylline in controlling asthmatic symptoms in the 1

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Retrospective analysis of 158 cases of adult acute leukaemia: factors influencing prognosis and treatment response. E. Januszewicz, F. C. Firkin, C. N. Chesterman, O. M. Garson, W. Beswick, M. J. Keating and D. G. Penington, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 238–245.Discriminant and regression analyses were employed to determine the influence of a large number of clinical and laboratory indices on outcome of treatment in a series of 158 adults presenting with acute leukaemia between 1970 and 1977. Induction therapy had been most commonly cytosine arabinoside plus daunorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone. This induced complete remission in 42% of non‐lymphoblastic, and in 58% of lymphoblastic plus undifferentiated leukaemias. Some induction failures who had non‐lymphoblastic leukaemia were treated with cytosine arabinoside plus 6‐thioguanine, which induced remissions in 46%.Advanced age was the factor most strongly associated with failure either to achieve or to sustain complete remission. Thrombocytopenia, promyelocytic leukaemia, high percentage of marrow blasts, and absence of metaphases in marrow cytogenetic preparations were also associated with poor survival. A number of other factors which appeared to be associated with poor prognosis were found by the analysis to lack significance as independent va

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Advanced ovarian cancer: a prospective randomised trial of chlorambucil versus combined cyclophosphamide and cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum. D. R. Bell, R. L. Woods, J. A. Levi, R. M. Fox and M. H. N. Tattersall, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982,12, pp. 245–249.Thirty‐seven patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated in a prospective, randomised trial comparing chlorambucil with a combination of cyclophosphamide and cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (cis DDP). Treatment with the combination was associated with an increased overall response rate (69% versus 23%) (p = 004). A response was associated with a longer median survival but no survival advantage was demonstrated for patients who received cyclophosphamide/cis DDP. A larger study is needed to evaluate fully the potential of regimens containing cis DDP in the management of advanced ovarian

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Assessment of osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure. D. J. Brown, J. K. Dawbom, D. P. Thomas and J. M. Xipell, Aust. N.Z.J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 250–254.Nine patients with chronic renal failure were followed for more than one year by serial bone biopsies which were assessed by quantitative histological techniques.1Ail patients had evidence of bone disease; this progressed during the interbiopsy period in eight. Patients who had the most advanced histologic disease at initial biopsy showed the most progression in resorption and demineralisation, but with greater progression of hyperparathyroid bone disease than osteomalacia. The type of bone disease and its rate of progression could only be accurately assessed histologically. No predictive parameters of early bone disease were found from clinical history, biochemistry or radiology. Raised serum alkaline phosphatase occurred only in advanced hyperparathyroid bone disease. Minor radiological abnormalities in magnified views of the hands were indicative of histologically advanced asymptomatic hyperparathyroidis

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Contamination and crossinfection with Clostridium difficile in an intensive care unit. B.A.J. Walters, R. Stafford, R. K. Roberts and E. Seneviratne, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 255–258.An outbreak of pseudomembranous colitis in an intensive care unit is described. This resulted in environmental contamination byClostridium difficile.The outbreak could be traced to one patient who received several antibiotics over the preceding three months. A search was conducted for asymptomatic carriers among patient and staff but none were found. Aquisition ofC. difficilefrom inanimate environmental sources was the most probable means of transmission of the organism. Its persistence in the hospital environment for several weeks, most likely as spores, suggests that patients who develop pseudomembranous colitis should be isolated, especially in areas of high antibiotic usag

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effect of food on the absorption of phenytoin. M. C. Kennedy and D. N. Wade, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 258–261.Sodium phenytoin (2×100 mg Dilantin capsules) was administered to six healthy volunteers in a fasting state and again with a high protein meal. There was a delay in phenytoin absorption after the meal, but no difference in the total bioavailability as determined by the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve or when measured by the urinary elimination of p‐hydroxy‐phenylphenylhydantoin (HPPH) the principal metabolite of phe

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:1Sialadenitis and systemic reaction associated with phenylbutazone. B. R. Speed and D. W. Spelman, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 261–264.Sialadenitis is an uncommon side effect of phenylbutazone, and we report seven patients with this reaction who were admitted to Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital over a seven year period. In addition to salivary gland swellings, all patients had evidence of a systemic disturbance that included fever in all cases, and, in varying combinations, pericarditis, pleurisy, rash, conjunctivitis, and disturbed hepatic function. Resolution of these features occurred following cessation of phenylbutazone, but this took several weeks in some cases. Pericarditis was the most severe manifestation, and in one patient, this required corticosteroid therap

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Radionuclide scanning for the rapid diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. S. M. Gupta, D. Owshalimpur and N. E. Herrera, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 265–268.Radionuclide scanning with Technetium 99‐m HIDA was performed in eighty‐nine patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. In twenty‐three patients (25‐8%), the study demonstrated evidence of cystic duct obstruction and non‐visualisation of the gallbladder. Almost all of these patients subsequently were shown to have acute cholecystitis at surgery. The sensitivity and specificity of the procedure for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was 95‐8% and 100% respectively. The use of radionuclide cholescintigraphy in the assessment of hepatobiliary disorders is reviewed, and it is suggested that it is the test of choice at present for diagnosis of acute

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Acute sporadic non‐A non‐B hepatitis in an urban community in New Zealand. P. N. Goldwater, D. G. Woodfield, R. A. Anderson, M. B. Gill and S. Carpenter,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1982, 12, pp. 268–271.Acute sporadic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis is reported for the first time in New Zealand. Examination of sera from 94 patients with biochemical evidence of hepatitis showed that 26 (27%) had acute hepatitis B (HB), 22 (23%) had acute hepatitis A (HA) and 25 (26%) had acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANBH). Nine (10%) patients had Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated hepatitis and one (1%) had cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis. There were 11 (13%) patients with mixed infections; eight with HA plus HB, one with HB plus EBV, one with HA plus EBV and one with HB plus CMV.Thus NANBH and EBV associated hepatitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with clinical hepatitis with no history of possible percuta

ISSN:0004-8291    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb02475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY