摘要:

Summary—Flow cytometry has important advantages over conventional techniques. It is rapid, highly sensitive and allows multi‐parametric analysis and cell sorting. Potential exists for the measurement of many cell functions by flow cytometry. The technique can be used to determine cell viability, intracellular calcium and pH, membrane potential, enzyme activities, membrane fluidity and endocytosis. Numerous examples are given on the applications of flow cytometry for cell functions measurements in the fundamental and biomedical fie

ISSN:0248-4900    

DOI:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90119-Y

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—This review focuses on the recent applications of flow cytometry (FCM) in microbiological research (1987‐mid 1992). It tries to give a scope of the important breakthroughs which occurred in this field during this period. The technical difficulties of microorganism analysis by flow cytometry is briefly appraised. The significance and the limits of the different microbial cell parameters attainable by flow analyses are systematically evaluated: light scatter for cell size and structure, fluorescence measurements for quantification of cellular components, microbial antigen detection and cell physiological activity estimation. Emphasis is given on the new technological advances which appeared in the last two years. The second part of the review is devoted to the analysis of the usefulness of flow cytometric approach in the different fields of microbiology: fundamental studies in microbial physiology, differentiation, microbial ecology and aquatic sciences, medical microbiology, parasitology, microbial pharmacology and biotechnol

ISSN:0248-4900    

DOI:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90120-4

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Microorganisms (unicellular algae, bacteria) constitute fundamental compartments of aquatic ecosystems because of their high concentrations and activities. The evaluation and understanding of their behaviour and role raise different problems for which traditional methodologies are often inadequate, whether they refer to global or classical microscopic analyses. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been recently used to study microorganisms in aquatic environments. Although this technology is still applied on a limited scale in our field, a large number of works has been done showing that FCM seems to be a promising tool for aquatic microbial ecology. This paper summarizes, from the literature produced during the last decade and with original data obtained in our laboratory, the main questions related to the cell identification, the evaluation of cell viability, biomasses and productions and the measurements of bacterial and phytoplanktonic activities. The representativeness of sampling and observation scales is also discussed within the framework of the FCM measurement

ISSN:0248-4900    

DOI:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90121-T

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—In food and drinks industries, the time required for conventional tests can lead to substantial delays in product release to the market. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used in conjunction with viability markers for rapid counting of yeast, mould and bacterial cells in food products. A single‐parameter flow cytometer has proved applicable to the rapid detection of low numbers of microbial contaminants in finished products. The excellent correlation between FCM results and product quality shelf‐life expiry date has allowed the establishment of realistic quality control criteria for rapid positive release of product. Used for the monitoring of microbial biomass during manufacturing processes, flow cytometry allowed a direct assessment of bacterial growth. The reproducibility of the results and the proven correlation with standard plate count method obtained in industrial conditions make FCM a good predictive method for product and process quality co

ISSN:0248-4900    

DOI:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90122-U

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Flow cytometry (FMC) is an analytical and preparative technique whereas image analysis is only applied to cell analysis. Recently, image analysis has been adapted as a preparative method using a new technique: image cytometry for analysis and sorting (ICAS). FCM and ICAS are complementary. Flow cytometry allows rapid, quantitative and precise study of fluorescence and light scattering in a large number of cells in suspension, while ICAS analyses fewer cells (adherent cells or tissue) on the basis of fluorescence, morphology and size. ICAS can use these criteria to destroy unwanted cells and hence sort selected cells. ICAS can also be used for confocal microscopy and laser surger

ISSN:0248-4900    

DOI:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90123-V

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Bivalve oocytes constitute an excellent model to study the mechanisms which control cell division, since they arrest at different stages of the meiotic process and respond quite synchronously to various external signals regulating their evolution. Different situations were observed, according to the species, which required a more careful analysis. For example, the same serotonin (5‐HT) signal was found to drive prophase‐arrested oocytes ofSpisulato the female pronucleus stage, whereasRuditapesoocytes stopped in metaphase I. In this last species, 5‐HT treatment thus represents a necessary prerequisite for further development since sperm cannot penetrate prophase‐arrested oocytes, in contrast to the situation found inSpisula. The reasons for these differences cannot be found at the level of the receptors and second messengers. In both species, we found that Ca2+was involved as a second messenger and required to release oocytes from their blocks in prophase and metaphase I. This is an unexpected and puzzling situation since MPF is activated by the prophase Ca2+surge and inactivated during metaphase‐anaphase transition. The mechanisms underlying these paradoxical situations are discussed, taking into account results from previous observations and experiments. Briefly, our data suggest: I) that the absence of K−sensitive voltage‐gated Ca2+channels may be responsible for the unfertilizability of prophasearrestedRuditapesoocytes; and ii) that functional variations in the network of activated kinases present in prophase and metaphase oocytes may be responsible for the divergent responses exhibited bySpisulaandRuditapesoocytes. In particular, these oocytes differ in their sensitivity to Ca2+/calmodulin antagonists and in tyrosine phosphorylation of their activate

ISSN:0248-4900    

DOI:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90124-W

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY