摘要:

The physiology and sonographic characteristics of normal and abnormal corpora lutea arc reviewed. The human corpus luteum (CL) is an astonishing short-lived gland formed after ovulation by rapid angiogenesis and cellular differentiation. Its size depends on the size of its central blood clot, but it is normally no larger than its antecedant follicle, unless pregnancy ensues. Enlargement beyond 3 cm occurs with luteinized unruptured follicles and excessive central bleeding, for instance from trauma or coagulopathy. Suboptimal progesterone production seems to result from large or small CLs with thin flat walls. Sonographic recognition of this common cause of subacute pain, self-limited hemorrhage, an adnexal mass or subfertility is critical to avoid unnecessary surgery. Sonographic features of the CL include: 1) A changing appearance: it remodels within days. 2) A central clot-. fibrin- and sometimes serum-filled cavity which is devoid of vascular perfusion. 3) A net of a few circumferential vessels in the thecal layer, with low impedance holodiastolic flow of variable velocity. 4) Accompanying trium. Common medications such as NSAIDs and possibly certian antihistamines may cause ovulatory and luteal dysfunction.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four ultrasonic approaches—the transabdominal, transrectal. endo-vaginal, and translabial—have been used in the investigation of stress incontinence. We have compared the four techniques in a large group of patients. In our experience the combination of the translabial and transrectal approaches has proved most helpful, with the transvaginal technique as a useful backup if the transrectal approach is impractical. Ultrasonic features of stress incontinence that have been described include bladder base descent, angulation changes in the urethra or bladder base, and funneling. A comparison of the various ultrasonic features of stress incontinence has been made, and funneling has been found to correlate much better with incontinence than urethral angle changes or urethral movement. Two forms of stress incontinence are seen: there may be localized loss of the posterior internal urethral support or an overall weakness of the pelvic musculature. The use of ultrasound in the distinction between these two conditions may be helpful in planning surgery.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID