ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ultrasound plays a prominent role in the management of thyroid disease and parathyroid adenomas. It can detect clinically impalpable thyroid nodules and characterize them as cystic, solid, or complex. Determining that a nodule is definitively benign or malignant is difficult, and so when indicated an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration can be performed. In the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer, ultrasound can be used alone or in conjunction with computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect recurrent disease. Recurrences can be confirmed using ultrasound to guide fine-needle aspirations. To locate parathyroid adenomas, ultrasound is often used in conjunction with sestamibi scanning. If both studies agree on the location of the adenoma, the surgeon can perform focused surgery for its removal. In patients in whom the studies do not agree or in whom they do not detect the adenoma, further evaluation with CT or more preferably MRI is indicated.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Color Doppler sonography (CDS) of uterine disorders has clinical applications for the evaluation of uterine fibroids, polyps, and vascular malformations. This review describes and illustrates these applications as well as the use of 3D CDS.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts in the field of vascular ultrasonography (US) to come to a consensus regarding Doppler US for assistance in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis. The panel's consensus statement is believed to represent a reasonable position on the basis of analysis of available literature and panelists' experience. Key elements of the statement include the following: First, all internal carotid artery (ICA) examinations should be performed with grayscale, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler US. Second, the degree of stenosis determined at grayscale and Doppler US should be stratified into the categories of normal (no stenosis), less than 50% stenosis, 50 to 69% stenosis, ≥70% stenosis to near occlusion, near occlusion, and total occlusion. Third, ICA peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the presence of plaque on grayscale and/or color Doppler images are primarily used in the diagnosis and grading of ICA stenosis. Two additional parameters (the ICA-to-common carotid artery PSV ratio and ICA end diastolic velocity) may also be used when clinical or technical factors raise concern that ICA PSV may not be representative of the extent of disease. Fourth, ICA should be diagnosed as normal when ICA PSV is less than 125 cm/second and no plaque or intimal thickening is visible, less than 50% stenosis when ICA PSV is less than 125 cm/second and plaque or intimal thickening is visible, 50 to 69% stenosis when ICA PSV is 125 to 230 cm/second and plaque is visible, ≥70% stenosis to near occlusion when ICA PSV is more than 230 cm/second and visible plaque and lumen narrowing are seen, near occlusion when there is a markedly narrowed lumen on color Doppler US, and total occlusion when there is no detectable patent lumen on grayscale US and no flow on spectral, power, and color Doppler US. Fifth, the final report should discuss velocity measurements and grayscale and color Doppler findings. Study limitations should be noted when they exist. The conclusion should state an estimated degree of ICA stenosis as reflected in these categories. The panel also considered various technical aspects of carotid US and methods for quality assessment, and identified several important unanswered questions meriting future research.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID