摘要:

Angigraphy remains the technique of choice when imaging of the hepatic vasculature is necessary. Unfortunately, the requirement for injection of contrast material and the inherently invasive nature of this procedure preclude its use as a widely applied screening technique. In addition, the intrahepatic vascula-ture may be difficult to opacify angiographically. The portal venous system is relatively isolated and may require direct or relatively complex injection techniques; the hepatic veins may be impossible to access if significant obstruction exists at or about their junction with the inferior vena cava (IVC). Sonography, contrast-enhanced CT, and MR imaging now provide less invasive alternatives for the evaluation of the hepatic vessels. But conventional sonography and CT have significant limitations. MR imaging is expensive, and MR angiography software is not available in all institutions. In addition, the resolution of MRI is limited, abdominal vascular examinations may be time consuming to perform and degraded by motion artifact, and dynamic flow information is not routinely available. The ultimate role of MRI in hepatic vascular disease remains to be defined.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the past decade, ultrasonography has become widespread in veterinary medicine. This review is limited to a discussion of the application of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of small animal abdominal diseases. Ultrasonography in canine and feline practice greatly assists in evaluating the liver, spleen, and urogenital tract. Gastrointestinal ultrasonography is also useful, replacing time-consuming radiographic contrast studies accompanied by radiation exposure.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID