摘要:

SummaryTransrectal ultrasonography can be used for the dynamic and real-time evaluation of the lower urinary tract, leading to a better understanding of the functional impact of the pathological processes on lower urinary tract dysfunction. A revised classification system for female stress urinary incontinence has been developed based on the ultrasonic demonstration of changes in the posterior urethrovesical angle, the bladder base, and the urethral sphincter. This classification divides stress urinary incontinence into five subtypes, each with different pathophysiological implications and clinical importance. We also address the clinical applications of ultrasonic voiding cystourethrography. In the future, this dynamic imaging modality may be substituted for radiological techniques in the assessment of male voiding dysfunction. Transrectal linear ultrasound is a useful adjunct to visual internal urethrotomy in the management of male urethral obliteration secondary to traumatic urethral disruption. Visual urethrotomy for long segment stricture disease remains controversial; results are improved if transrectal ultrasound is combined with urethrotomy.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThe broad spectrum of developmental malformations of the ventral body wall include gastroschisis, omphalocele, body stalk anomaly, limb body wall complex, ectopia cordis, and bladder exstrophy. The morphologic features of each can be related to the time of occurrence of a pathologic process that leads to a disruption or arrest of the expected sequence of embryologic events. A time line of developmental milestones is used to logically group the malformations according to a classification scheme based upon the relationships among the fetus, membranes, umbilical cord, placenta, and coelom. This approach is reasonably independent of both etiology and mechanism considerations. Even though explanations for the occurrence of some anomalies remain controversial, the sonographer and sonologist can benefit from both the technical and the diagnostic perspectives by acquiring an in-depth understanding of the embryology and pathology. This review focuses on the relationships between the sonographic appearance and the embryologic pathology.

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-8771    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID