摘要:

Summary—Individual renal function was evaluated in 21 patients. Two methods were used in each case, namely gamma camera renography and measurement of creatinine excretion in urine collected via a nephrostomy. The scintigraphic technique utilized measurement of renal parenchymal radionuclide uptake in an early phase. Good agreement was found between the results from both methods in most patients. Gamma camera renography was found to be clinically useful for assessing the function of individual kidney

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Eleven patients had radiologically non‐functioning and unilaterally obstructed kidneys with normal kidneys on the other side. The kidneys were divided into three groups according to the urinary pH of the obstructed kidney at operation: Group 1 (pH 6.0 or less); Group 2 (pH 6.1–7.1); Group 3 (pH>7.1). The obstruction was corrected in all patients despite the pre‐operative radiological findings or the morphological appearance at operation. Radiological recovery was assessed 2 months post‐operatively and was found to be good in all patients in Group 1. In Group 2, recovery was good in one patient, moderate in two and absent in one. In Group 3 there was no evidence of radiological recovery in eithe

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The daily urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, glycosaminoglycans and uric acid, and the 24‐h urinary pH and volume were measured in 61 normal men and in 81 men with a history of renal stone disease. The following features of these data were noted:(i)No significant difference could be demonstrated between the stone‐formers and normals with respect to any of the variables measured.(ii)The values of each of the urinary parameters were positively and significantly correlated with those of at least two other parameters in one or both subject groups.(iii)The probability density histograms constructed from the data for each urinary variable in each subject group were unsuitable as the basis for calculation of individual relative risk factors.Thus it was concluded that the data were inappropriate for the calculation of ′overall relative probability of forming stones′ (P′SF) and that such an index is unlikely to be of use in the assessment and management of stone‐formers attending a general hospital out

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—A simple metabolic investigation was carried out in 54 patients presenting with their first attack of renal stones. In three cases a probable cause for stone formation was found. During the following 8 years 53% of the patients developed recurrences, the risk of which was highest during the first years after the initial attack. Recurrences were more common in males than in females. As a group, patients who were to have recurrences had higher urinary calcium levels but there was a considerable overlap between the two groups.This prospective study confirms the opinion from retrospective evaluation of the natural history of renal stones that recurrences are common. However, they cannot be predicted from standard laboratory findings in individual patient

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Thirteen patients with calcium oxalate stone disease were treated with 2.5 mg bendroflumethiazide and 200 mg magnesium oxide twice daily for 1 year, and the effects on serum and urine constituents were evaluated. Serum magnesium and potassium decreased, whereas urate increased during treatment. The association of decreased urinary calcium and increased urinary magnesium resulted in a reduced Ca/Mg quotient and apparently a lower risk of forming urine supersaturated with calcium oxalate. Combined treatment with a thiazide and magnesium appears to alter the composition of urine in a way that might be more favourable than treatment with either substance alon

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Adding calcium to a mixture of thrombin and fibrinogen increased the breaking strain of the resultant coagulum by 10‐fold, but did not significantly reduce the length to which it could be stretched. There was no detectable change in the time taken for the coagulum to dissolve in urine. Simulation pyelolithotomies were performed on pig kidneys containing ball‐bearings which represented calculi. Coagula formed with calcium were significantly more effective at retrieving the ball‐bearings than coagula without calcium. It is concluded that the ideal coagulum formula should include 1 mmol of

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with flow cytometry, circulating lymphocyte subsets with distinct functions in the regulation of the immune response were enumerated in 32 patients with proven renal carcinoma. Analyses were performed at presentation and sequentially during the clinical course of the patients.Untreated patients with advanced disease had a deficit of T cells with the “helper/inducer” phenotype (Leu‐3a+) and this resulted in abnormal T “helper/suppressor” (Leu‐3a+/Leu‐2a+) ratios.Following nephrectomy, performed in 26 patients, there was a significant increase in the number of T cells with the “helper/inducer” phenotype and a significant increase in T “H/S” ratios. Subsequent follow‐up at a minimum of 2 months after nephrectomy showed that the increase in T cells with the “helper/inducer” phenotype was maintained (with the exception of 6 patients with disease progression) and was then accompanied by a significant increase of the T cell subset with the “suppressor/cytotoxic” phenotype (Leu‐2a+).Pre‐operative renal arterial embolisation resulted in an early transient lymphopenia. The response to embolisation combined with nephrectomy was little different when compared with nephrectomy alone. These observations represent a novel view of the immunosuppressive effects of renal carcinoma and their relation to anaemia

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The venous phase on renal angiography was studied in 65 cases of renal carcinoma. Opacification of the renal vein stem was observed in 33 cases (51%). The visualisation rate of the renal vein was lower in high stage than in low stage tumours but there was no difference between these groups if patients with tumour thrombus of the renal vein were excluded from the high stage group. Renal arteriovenous fistulas were observed in six cases (9%), in three of which tumour thrombus of the renal vein was also seen. The thrombus was discovered at operation in 14 of the 65 cases and it was in 10 of these that the striated vascular pattern was observed on renal angiography. Collateral veins were observed in 15 cases (23%), only five of which had tumour thrombus of the renal vei

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary——The histological distribution of A, B, H, Lewis, Pr, i and I blood group antigens (BGA) was studied in 19 nephroblastomas and one mesoblastic nephroma by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. In addition to general conclusions about the relatively limited BGA expression in the tumour cells, their histological distribution was found to be related to the differentiation level of these renal embryonic tumours. By comparison with normal embryonic, fetal and adult kidney it was shown that the nephroblastoma differentiation level is not higher than that of a 3‐month fetal kidney. Furthermore, i antigen appears to be a non‐specific marker of the histiocytic macrophage cells of the nephroblastoma

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The clinical, urographic and radionuclide examinations of 28 consecutive patients with incomplete duplication of the upper urinary tract are presented. Four possible types of urodynamic abnormality can occur in this condition and 3 of these were found in 8 of the 28 patients. The urodynamics of normal and duplex upper tracts are reviewed and the question of whether the abnormalities represent a pathological process requiring surgery or a harmless physiological variant is examine

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY