ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Using human renal carcinoma heterotransplanted in nude mice, the effects of the combined use of hyperthermia and interferon (natural human interferon‐alpha; IFN‐alpha, and recombinant interferon‐gamma; IFN‐gamma) were examined. The hyperthermic device used was the Clini‐Therm, Mark VII, 915 MHz, microwave. The administration of interferon was started immediately before hyperthermia and carried out on consecutive days. The combined use of hyperthermia and IFN was compared with hyperthermia and with IFN alone. The combined use of hyperthermia and IFN‐alpha was shown to have significant anti‐tumour effects compared with the former or latter alone. Of 10 nude mice (10 implanted tumours) used for the experiment, 5 showed complete disappearance of the implanted tumours and the others showed prolongation of survival. Combined treatment with IFN‐gamma and hyperthermia showed no significant effect when compared with other treatment groups. Combined treatment with local hyperthermia and IFN‐alpha may have some application to the clinical management

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The function of 20 human autologous kidney grafts was studied for 4 to 8 years (mean 52) after autotransplantation with a direct pyelocystostomy. The indications for the operation were low‐grade, low‐stage tumour of the renal pelvis and/or ureter, frequently recurrent renal stones and remaining outflow obstruction after pyeloplasty for hydronephrosis.The wide pyelocystostomy implies reflux of urine from the urinary bladder to the renal pelvis but no significant changes were found in glomerular or tubular function, studied with51Cr‐EDTA clearance,131I‐Hippuran renography, analysis of β2‐microglobulin and total protein excretion in urine, and determination of concentration ability after administration of desmopressin. No increase in the severity or frequency of urinary tract infections

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—A total of 109 unilateral and 4 bilateral upper urinary tract conditions were treated surgically from 1975 to 1985 by the anterior transverse transperitoneal approach; 26 of these were malignant conditions and 87 were benign. The approach gives good access to the kidney, its pedicle and the upper ureter. There is no increased risk of peritonitis or paralytic ileus due to urinary leak.One‐stage bilateral surgical procedures were performed in 4 cases. There was no added risk to the patients. It allows both kidneys to recover simultaneously and provides the opportunity of examining the other intra‐abdominal o

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—A series of 1000 patients with calculi of the ureter at various levels were treated by ureteroscopy and lithotripsy over a period of 27 months. The overall success rate was 88.8%. Stones in the upper third of the ureter were removed in 15 of 39 patients. Calculi in the middle third were successfully removed in 52 of 102 patients. A success rate of 95.5% was achieved for calculi of the lower ureter. Per‐operative complications included 10 ureteric perforations, 4 of which were treated surgically and 6 conservatively. Urography, performed in 520 patients 3 months post‐operatively, showed 12 ureteric strictures; 9 of these were treated by insertion of a self‐retaining pig‐tail catheter and 3 required an operation. Ureterolithotripsy appears to be the method of choice in the management of ureteri

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Physical growth was studied in 6 males and 16 females during 1 year of antimicrobial prophylaxis and during the 2 years following subsequent surgical treatment for severe primary vesicoureteric reflux. Surgery was performed between the ages of 2 and 8 because of either repeated breakthrough infection or persistence of grade III or IV reflux. Height and weight velocities were calculated as yearly rates and then converted into interquartile ratios (IQRs).Neither the mean centile height nor weight attained varied significantly between that at entry, after 1 year of medical treatment and at 2 years after surgery. However, the mean IQR for height velocity (± sem) rose significantly from –0.61 (± 0.45) during antimicrobial prophylaxis to 0.54 (± 0.25) following surgery. Similarly, the mean IQR for weight velocity rose significantly from –0.63 (± 0.50) during medical treatment to 0.47 (± 0.24) following surgery.These results suggest that surgical treatment is preferable to continued medical treatment in patients with severe primary vesicoureteric reflux who fail to respond to a trial of antimicrobial p

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—We report the results and complications of treatment in 205 patients with non‐metastatic invasive bladder cancer. Between 1977 and 1982 there were 3 treatment groups: palliative radiotherapy, radical radiotherapy, and pre‐operative radiotherapy followed by total cystectomy. Data were complete on each patient until the end of 1985 (minimum follow‐up 3 years, median 5.6), when 48 patients were alive without evidence of bladder cancer and 28 had died of intercurrent illness (without clinical evidence of bladder cancer). The overall actuarial 5‐year survival rate (death from any cause) was 24%. The 5‐year survival rates were 13% for group 1, 25% for group 2 and 38% for group 3. Group 1 patients had a significantly shorter survival. The difference between groups 2 and 3 was not statistically significant. The prognostic factors of significance for survival were clinical stage and ureteric obstruction. Factors such as age, tumour grade and multiplicity were significant when examined singly but not in a multivariate analysis which included stage and ureteric obstruction. The actuarial incidence of all radiotherapy complications in bladder and bowel was 9.4 and 10.5% r

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—We report our experience in the treatment of carcinomain situof the urinary bladder using Evans strain Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG). The mean period of follow‐up was 30 months; 18 patients received intravesical therapy and 16 of these were evaluable. They received 8 weekly instillations of 60 mg Evans strain BCG in 50 ml of saline. No intradermal BCG was given. The response rate was 93.75% at 3 months; this declined to 57% at 2 years. The complications of therapy were frequent but mild. Seven patients failed to complete the course. These results were comparable to those obtained with other strains of Bacille Calmette

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The local immune response to intravesical BCG therapy for widespread carcinomain situand superficial bladder tumour was assessed using immunohistochemical methods on serial biopsies obtained during treatment. The main findings were the induction of a strong level of HLA–DR expression by urothelial cells which persisted for several months after completion of therapy. This coincided with a mononuclear cell infiltrate in the bladder wall consisting predominantly of activated helper T lymphocytes. Smaller numbers of macrophages, suppressor cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were also found. These new findings confirm that the inflammatory response to BCG involves the urothelium in an immunological reaction and suggest that the success of immunotherapy with intravesical BCG may be due to enhanced tumour antigen recognit

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on transurethral resection biopsies from 13 patients with classic interstitial cystitis. Biopsies from 9 patients with stress incontinence served as controls. The SEM appearance of the bladder surface in interstitial cystitis varied considerably, exhibiting small round and large polygonal cells. The proportion of cells displaying round uniform and pleomorphic microvilli was high and sometimes dominated the area examined. SEM characteristics earlier assigned to bladder tumours were detected in patients with interstitial cystitis and, at a lower frequency, also in control patients. The mucin layer covering the urothelial cells seemed reduced in interstitial cystitis compared with control specimens. Surface characteristics specific for interstitial cystitis were, however, not detected by SE

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY