ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThe previous finding of a calcium concentration gradient in the renal medulla of the experimental animal, with high values in the papilla tip, has beeen extended in this sutydy to man. The physiological and pathological significance of this gradient awaits further clarification.The mean calcium concentration in papillary tissue, and the size of the medullary gradient, are similar in the different groups of adult kidneys analysed at necropsy. This distribution does not vary between the upper and lower pole, or between opposite kidneys of a pair. The size of the calcium concentration gradient in the medulla varies widely in different kidneys, this variation being largely due to difference in the calcium concentration in papillary tissue. The variation in papillary concentrations between kidneys appears to be greater than that found in the papillá within single kidneys. The factors responsible for this variation are not investigated in this study.Analysis of fresh human renal tissue had demonstrated the presence of a gradient similar to that found in necropsy materaial. Alteration in the calcium distribution after a death has not been meausred in the human kidney, but inthe dog no major alternation is evident in renal tissue analysed up to 72 hours post‐mortem. This suggests that, in the mammalian kidney, the greater part of the calcium present in the papilla exists in a firmaly bound fo

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSIn a study of 152 human kidneys, 139 obtained at necropsy and 13 of opertaion, the presece of a calcium converntion gradient in the renal medulla, and the size of this gradient in different kidbeys, are confirmed. Evidence is proveded to suggest that at least the greater part of the calcium in the renal panilla is firmly bound. The distribution of calcium in the normal kidney studied at becrosy is defined, and it is shown that this discribution is unaltered in th presence of a variety of common local and systemic disease processes. It is concluded that the calcium distribution is largely determined prior to the erminal illness, and is not affected by the pathological changes associated with that illness. The size of the medullary concentraion gradient does not correlate with age in adults, and no gradient is present in the kidneys of the young children analysed in this study at necropsy. The distribution of calcium is shown to be similar in the two sexes. Hypercalcámia is assoicated with high concentrations is shown to be similar in the two sexes. Hypercalcámia is associated with high concentrations of calcium throughout the kindey, pariticularly the cortex and outer medulla. It is suggested that the filtered load of calcium may affect the amount of calcium in the papilla, but is unlikely to be the only factor determining its concentration.The significance of the calcium concertraion gradient in the renal medulla is discussed in terms of both the physiology of the kidney, and pathogeneis of papillary calcificaiton and renal medulla is discussed in terms of both the physiology of the kidney, and the pathogenesis of papillary calcification and renal stone formatio

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe composition of 85 calculi has been determined by simeple chemical and the x‐ray power method. When the limitations of both methods are taken into account, the gagreement between the two sets of results is very goo

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA survey of stone ultrastructure was made by transmission electron microscopy of thinsectioned material. Uric acid, oxalate, and phosphate stones have distinct, readily recognisable patterns. The feature common to all the stone material visualised is that the material is very finely divided and highly aggregated. Stereologic estimates of stone density made from electro‐micrographs differ sufficiently from macroscopically measured stone density to suggest that stone material visualised in the micrographs is not a random sample of a macroscopic ston

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1The literat ure on pararenal pseudocyst has been reviewed and 3 cases of successful renal conservation are reported.2Pararenal pseudocysts, although a rare entity, may be expected to increase in incidence with the rise in traffic accidents.3Early diagnosis and operation will result in an increase in renal salvage.4The use of a “rat‐tailed” nephrostomy tube is felt to be of importance in the mangement of these

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYUreterolysis in a patient with ureteric obstruction due to peri‐aneurysmal fibrosis is described. The patient had previously undergone nephrectomy for a renal clear cell carcinoma. He has remained in good health for a year after ureterolysis. Six previously reported surgically treated cases are reviewed. Ureterolysis appears to be an effective form of treatment for this unusual form of peri‐ureteric fibro

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1971.tb12023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY