ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—One hundred and sixty‐two cases of suspected congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract notified to the Northern Region Fetal Abnormality Survey Register between the beginning of 1984 and the end of 1986 were studied. These cases represented 14.3% of total notifications, which in turn were 0.93% of total births. There were a further 25 cases notified but not due for delivery until early 1987; 10 of these were urological.Thirty‐five cases (22%) notified proved postnatally to have normal urinary tracts and 21 (13.2%) had unsuspected urinary tract abnormalities.Of the 106 cases in which a suspected urinary tract abnormality was confirmed postnatally, confirmation was obtained at perinatal death in 32 and by ultrasound, radiographic and radioisotope investigation in the remainder; 34.5% of all urological cases registered and 75% of the confirmed survivors were treated surgically.The urological abnormality most frequently missed was posterior urethral valves.Attempts to diagnose the fetal sex were seldom made but when they were the prediction was usually male and usually correct.The perinatal mortality in this group was 0.43/1000 births, a contribution of nearly 4% to overall perinatal mortality in the Northern R

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Fifteen hundred consecutive cases of renal and ureteric calculi were treated in an integrated stone centre; 1464 of these were treated by extracorporeal Shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureterorenoscopy and ureteroscopic lasertripsy. Only 36 (2.4%) required open surger

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Percutaneous nephrostomy drainage for the relief of obstruction or stone removal has become a common procedure. Despite the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, nephrostomy urine frequently becomes infected (˜ 30% of cases). Noxythiolin irrigation has been used to prevent and treat bladder infections. A double‐blind, placebo controlled study was carried out in 20 patients undergoing a single‐stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy to evaluate the use of noxythiolin as an upper urinary tract antiseptic.In the patients whose nephrostomy tubes were irrigated with a 2.5% solution of noxythiolin, significant bacterial infection was eliminated from the nephrostomy urine and colonisation of the catheter tip was markedly reduced. Noxythiolin also rendered pre‐operative infected bladder urine sterile. There were no untoward local or systemic sequelae in either group of patients. This study indicates that irrigation of the upper urinary tract with noxythiolin solution is safe and may be a useful adjunct to reduce the risk of sepsis in patients undergoing percutaneous drainage pr

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—A randomised control trial was undertaken in 100 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for outflow tract obstruction to assess the efficacy of noxythiolin in preventing post‐operative bacteriuria; 1% noxythiolin or sterile water was instilled at the time of catheter removal. The incidence of bacteriuria in the treated group (7/50) was significantly lower than in the control group (19/50). This was statistically significant. This difference was more marked in patients who had been catheterised for retention of urine. There was no difference in the complication rate despite a reduction of infection in the treated gr

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Geographical differences in emergency admission rates for renal stones and colic in England and Wales have been shown to correlate with the incidence of renal stones determined from case registers. The rates in 72 areas were related toper capitaconsumption of different foods, measured from household food purchases. There was an inverse relation with consumption of dietary fibre and all cereal foods. Differences in adult diet are not, however, the major determinants of the geographical variations in renal stone incidence within Britai

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Oxybutynin has been widely prescribed in the United Kingdom for more than 5 years on a named patient basis. Complete knowledge of its side effects is therefore particularly important. The literature contains remarkably little data on this topic. We therefore reviewed 192 consecutive patients for whom the drug had been prescribed in a district general hospital; 57% derived benefit while 76% noted side effects, none of which was dangerous or irreversible. Oxybutynin obtained from the two principal suppliers did not appear to differ either in efficacy or side effects. We discuss the uncertain medicolegal implications of named patient prescription

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The results of transvesical phenol injection into the paravesical nerve plexuses are reported in 40 consecutive patients. A 58% success rate was achieved in the treatment of refractory detrusor instability and 73% success was seen in detrusor hyper‐reflexia in 11 patients with multiple sclerosis. Urinary retention occurred in 8%. Troublesome complications were seen in 2 patients who had had previous pelvic radiotherapy, which should be regarded as an absolute contraindication to the proced

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Thirty‐one combined transrectal ultrasonographic and urodynamic studies were performed in 24 patients with spinal cord lesions at different levels between C4 and T12. Ultrasonography provided accurate real‐time imaging of the bladder neck, prostatic urethra and external sphincter during the bladder filling phase as well as during the voiding phase. Bladder and rectal pressures, sphincter EMG and uroflow were recorded simultaneously. Transrectal ultrasonography contributed significantly to the accuracy of diagnosing detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia. Sphincter contractions were clearly visualised with ultrasonographic video monitoring. This imaging method was especially helpful in sorting out the problems of 3 patients with poor emptying of bladder after endoscopic sphincterotomy. One had a urethral stricture and the other 2 had sphincters that opened adequately but bladders that emptied poorly because of detrusor hypocontractility. Other problems, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and false passage, were also easily recognised. Transrectal ultrasonography not only provides accurate information but also involves no exposure to radiation and thus precludes the need for costly lead‐shielded examinat

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—The pattern of bladder filling in response to a 1‐litre fluid load was assessed in 20 women with urinary incontinence. The period between 60 and 120 min after the fluid load was identified as best for pad testing because of consistently high bladder volumes and filling rates. A 2‐h pad test is recommended as achieving effective and reproducible test conditions for the quantification of urine

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY