摘要:

SUMMARY1The treatment of cystinuria has been investigated bearing in mind present concepts of the pathogenesis of the disease and using biochemical criteria of success or otherwise.2Treatments recommended in the literature and a number of further therapeutic possibilities that we ourselves thought of were uniformly unsuccessful.3The solubility of cystine in urine at various physiologicalpH's has been determined experimentally. The results show that under normal conditions the daily output of cystine of a cystinuric subject can be held in solution by about 3 litres of urine atpH6.4While an alkaline urine has an increased solvent power for cystine thepHmust be over about 7.6 before appreciably increased quantities are held in solution. Since thispHcannot be maintained during the long‐term management of a cystinuric subject, alkalis are of doubtful value as a prophylactic measure.5The day urine of a cystinuric subject is usually undersaturated with cystine while the night urine is supersaturated. It is concluded that stones probably form as a result of precipitation from the concentrated night urine.6By promoting a high fluid intake at regular intervals one may be able to ensure the passage of a urine that is constantly undersaturated with cystine. Under these circumstances stone formation is impossible, and if stones are already present dissolution should be initiated.7A long‐term clinical follow‐up of the effects of this regime of fluid intake is in pro

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn this paper is considered the calcification which may be found in apparently normal kidneys. Some diseases in which renal calcification occurs are described. dealing first with those in which the calcification is mainly microscopic and largely of pathological interest. arid secondly with those in which the calcification may be associated with stone formation arid therefore of interest to the urologist. Calcification seen on radiographs of the kidney when exposed at operations for stone is described. and finally the urinary calcium excretion in a group of patients with stone is considered.

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1Stones in the kidney are divided into primary and secondary.2A series of 152 consecutive partial nephrectomies performed in infected and non‐infected cases for the treatment of calyceal stones (primary) is described with a recurrence rate of 7.9 per cent. over a period of sixteen years.3The lymphatic theory of stone formation (Carr) has been helpful in explaining the cause of recurrent primary stone.4A “stone‐forming” segment must be removed if recurrence of primary stone is to be prevented.5In the treatment of secondary stones, elimination of residual urine in the kidney is necessary if recurrence is to be avoided.6The surgeon, when dealing with these cases, is dependent upon radiographs of the highest quality. The surgeon and radiologist must work as

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA series of some 1,700 newborn infants has been examined in order to discover the frequency of undescended testicle, and to find out what happened to the testicle in those infants who had the deformity.The incidence of undescended testicle in full‐term infants at birth was 4 per cent.Of fifty‐five infants followed up, descent occurred within the first three months in the majority. After three months, descent was slow and appeared to be incomplete. At the end of one year seven infants remained in whom no descent had taken place.The close similarity between the incidence of the condition in infants 1 year old and in adults has been discussed. Evidence from these observations on infants suggests that complete descent of the testicle does not occur after 3 months of age in the full‐term i

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFive cases of renal hamartoma, two fibromas and three angiomyolipomas, successfully treated by nephrectomy, are reported, and their pathology, clinical features, and treatment described.The association of these renal lesions with tuberous sclerosis is discussed.We wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to Mr N. M. Matheson for permission to record Cases 4 and 5, which were under his care in Ashford Hospital, Middlesex, and to Professor R. A. Willis for his kind interest, encouragement, and advice. We also thank our hospital colleagues Dr A. Siedlecka and Dr W. F. Hamilton for their pathological reports on Cases 4 and 5: Dr N. Langdon‐Down for Fig. 9; Dr C. F. Ross for‐ Figs. 10. 11. and 12: and Dr J. A. Brocklebank for Fig. 21. The drawings are by Miss B. E. Nicholson:the photographs, and photomicrographs by Mr A. S. Carr. Mr P. Harrison. and Mr E. A. Targ

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1955.tb03495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY