ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant α2binterferon therapy on natural killer (NK) activity and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the peripheral blood in patients with renal cell carcinoma who had undergone radical nephrectomy.Patients and methods Between January 1988 and June 1989, 20 patients (14 men and six women, mean age 59 years, range 43–80) received interferon (IFN) therapy following radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Thirteen patients had stage I disease, one had stage II and six had stage III; none had metastases.Results There was a significant increase in NK activity at 5 and 7 months after starting IFN therapy but there was no increase in ADCC.Conclusions Low doses of IFN administered long‐term increased NK activity in patients with renal cell carcinoma. This finding should be helpful in designating protocols for randomized studies of post‐operative IFN administration as adjuva

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To determine the effects of nephrectomy on the immune response of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Patients and methods Five patients with RCC were monitored before and over a period of up to 3 months after nephrectomy. The aspects measured were the phenotypic expression of markers on circulating lymphocytes, circulating concentrations of cytokines, markers of inflammatory and immune responses, and natural killer (NK) cell and lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The suppressive activity of patients' plasma on NK activity and ability to generate interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) induced LAK cells in PBMC of normal volunteers was also investigated.Results The results indicated that high CD4/8 ratios were present pre‐nephrectomy with evidence of inflammatory responses and immune activation in some patients, particularly those with metastatic disease.Conclusion The effect of nephrectomy was to decrease the inflammatory response and increase immune activation. Various defects in NK cell activity and LAK cell generation were demonstrated pre‐surgery which slowly improved once the primary tumour had been removed and it is suggested that such defects could have contributed to tumour growth and development due to an ineffective immune

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To study the effect of banana stem (FamilyMusaceae) extract on urinary risk factors in an animal model of hyperoxaluria.Materials and methods Thirty male rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. The rats in Group I acted as the control, in Group II rats hyperoxaluria was induced using sodium glycollate, Group III were given aqueous banana stem extract alone, Group IV were given both sodium glycollate and aqueous banana stem extract and Group V were given sodium glycollate alone followed by aqueous banana stem extract. Urine analysis (24 h) was carried out to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorous, oxalate, glycollic acid and glyoxylic acid in each of the five groups.Results In the rats treated with aqueous banana stem extract, urinary oxalate excretion was significantly reduced when compared with the controls. The extract reduced urinary oxalate, glycollic and glyoxylic acid and phosphorus excretion in the hyperoxaluric rats. The extract appeared to have no effect on urinary calcium excretion.Conclusion Banana stem extract from theMusaceaefamily may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with hyperoxaluric urolithiasis.

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To develop an animal model of chronic progressive hydronephrosis; to establish patterns of diuretic renography during development of the condition; and to relate renographic abnormality to morphological change in the renal parencyma.Materials and methods The cellophane sclerosis technique was used to produce a hydronephrosis in the left kidney of six rabbits. Post‐operatively MAG3 diuretic renography was performed at weekly intervals. When a steady renographic trend was noted the rabbits were killed and the kikneys examined histologically.Results Four rabbits had persistent type II renogrphic curves on the left for 12 weeks. The measured split renal function fell steadily to<20% in this time. Morphologically there was hydronephrosis with marked structural changes in the parenchyma seen on histological examination. Two rabbits had stable type IIIa renographic drainage patterns on the left with preserved renal function. Morphologically there was hydronephrosis but histologically the kidneys were normal. There were no renographic or structural changes in a control rabbit after a sham laparotomy.Conclusions The cellophane sclerosis technique can be used to create a reproducible chronic progressive hydronephrosis. In this animal model hydronephrosis and a persistent type II curve are associated with renographic evidence of deteriorating renal function and disruption of renal architecture histologically. Hydronephrosis and a type IIIa curve are associated with preservation of normal renal function and histological structur

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To determine if a pre‐operative non‐invasive radionuclide study can predict the results on surgery in infants with pre‐natally diagnosed hydronephrosis.Patients and methods Eight male infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis were treated by pyeloplasty within the first 4 months of life. All infants underwent a pre‐operative diuresis renogram and a dimercapto‐succinic acid (DMSA) scan, followed by a further renogram 6 months after surgery to assess renal function an drainage.Results There was a significant difference between the resutls of the relative renal function estimates obtained by the pre‐operative renogram and the pre‐operative DMSA scan (P=0.001). In all patients the recovery in renal function following surgery was accurately predicted by the pre‐operative DMSA scan.Conclusion The results of this preliminary study suggest that a pre‐operative DMSA scan could replace the use of invasive nephrostomy drainage to assess the potential for recovery in the poorly functioning neonatal kidney and give an indication of those kidneys most likely to benefit from reco

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To evaluate the invaginated sleeve technique for continent cystostomy in humans.Patients and methods Over the past 5 years six patients have undergone this operative procedure. An essential principle utilized in the technique is the property of partial thickness bladder grafts to stretch longitudinally, so that each tubularized pedicle graft could be directed transmurallyandextended extravesically to reach the skin of the lower abdominal wall. As a consequence a urothelial‐lined tract, both extravesically and through the bladder wall, was provided for intermittent self‐catheterization.Results A part from one woman, whose cystostomy tract was disrupted by inappropriate catheterization in the immediate post‐operative period to attempt to stop leakage through exposed fenestrations in the suprapubic stent, this procedure provided robust, continent catheterizing routes for all patients for periods of 63, 52, 12, 7 and 1.5 months respectively. Two patients developed discrete stenoses at their mucocutaneous junctions at 3 and 5 months which were corrected easily.Conclusion This simple, minimally morbid technique, which avoids the use of non‐urinary tract epithelial structures and maintains bladder capacity, is strongly recommended for patients who need to practise clean intermittent self‐catheterization and for whom the urethral route is impr

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To determine whether bilateral vesicoureteric ganglion excision is effective in the treatment of women with hypersensitive bladder disorders.Patients and methods Utilizing neuroconductive studies, 175 women with hypersensitive bladder complaints of burning and frequency were selected by the presence of abnormal pudendal nerve sensory latency studies. Cystoscopy under anaesthesia revealed petechial haemorrhaging peritrigonally with bladder neck involvement, consistent with interstitial cystitis.Results Laser obliteration of the vesicoureteric plexus bilaterally resulted in complete relief of pelvic pain in 112 patients and partial relief in 58. Forty‐five patients with complete relief were followed for 2 years with no recurrence of symptoms. Complications included one case of periureteric fibrosis secondary to cauterization.Conclusion Bilateral vesicoureteric ganglion excision offers a new approach to treating hypersensitive bladder disorders such as interstitial cystiti

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective To report tumour recurrence related to cessation of long‐term therapy with thiotepa.Patients and methods A group of 12 patients with low grade (I‐II). low stage (TA‐T1) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were included in the study. All patients had been treated with intravesical thiotepa for a period ranging from 24 to 71 months and none had had a recurrence for a period of between 15 and 51 months. After referral to this department all the patients were withdrawn from thiotepa therapy.Results All the patients developed bladder tumours within 6 months of cessation of therapy. The recurrent tumours were grade II in 10 patients grade III in two patients. Eight patients had stage TAand four had stage T1. All responded to bacille Calmette‐Guérin therapy and none had tumour recurrence on follow up at 24 months.Conclusion Meticulous follow‐up of patients is indicated soon after the cessation of long‐term therapy w

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY