摘要:

Summary—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium on calcium oxalate crystal formation, both in physiological conditions and at slightly higher oxalate concentrations, using a mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer and scanning electron microscopy. True supersaturation ratios were calculated by allowing for complexation in solution.Magnesium inhibited the nucleation rate at all oxalate concentrations. It also inhibited the growth rate at oxalate concentrations of less than ˜2.0 mmol/l but promoted the growth rate at higher concentrations. This suggests that, provided the oxalate concentration is sufficiently high, increase of magnesium concentration can increase the crystal growth rate. At physiological concentrations of oxalate, however, magnesium decreases both nucleation and growth rates. The SEM photographs showed that the predominant crystal was calcium oxalate trihydrate at low magnesium concentrations, with calcium oxalate dihydrate being observed in larger quantities at high magnesium concentratio

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Cytokeratin shedding into the urine was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 154 individuals. Samples include urines of normal controls, patients with urological conditions other than bladder cancer and bladder cancer patients. The assay results reflect the potential value of cytokeratin shedding in urine as a new urinary marker for bladder cancer. A 94% sensitivity for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder suggested the importance of using antibodies prepared against cytokeratin extracted from the same cell type of carcinoma as that to be detected. The relatively low sensitivity shown while detecting transitional cell carcinoma patients and the relatively low degree of assay specificity suggested the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to various types of cytokeratins of bladder carcin

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—During a 3‐year period, 102 Brantley Scott artificial urinary sphincters were implanted to control urinary incontinence. Nineteen patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy and artificial sphincter implantation for the control of sphincter weakness incontinence due to congenital neuropathic bladder dysfunction. None had previous augmentation or substitution procedures. Nine patients (47%) subsequently showed a deterioration in detrusor function, resulting in either recurrent incontinence or upper tract dilatation. Eight of these (89%) had previously been shown to have an intermediate pattern of neuropathic bladder abnormality.All patients implanted with an AUS require long‐term surveillance including videourodynamic studies, and patients with intermediate neuropathic bladders should be considered for augmentation or substitution at the time of implant

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—In a prospective study on the grading of superficial papillary neoplasms of the bladder a distinction was made between tumours showing only increased cellularity without appreciable cellular and nuclear deviation (grade l), tumours showing slight cellular variation (grade 2a), and tumours showing clear cytological deviation and a tendency to lose normal polarity (grade 2b).Ninety‐one patients with a superficial tumour were followed up for a mean of 24 months. Grade 2a tumours recurred later and in fewer patients than grade 2b tumours. Progression was seen in 4% of grade 2a tumours and in 33% of grade 2b carcinomas. Adapting our results to the WHO grading system, we suggest that all tumours in this study defined as grades 1 and 2a should be classified as low grade and tumours defined as grade 2b should be classified as intermediate gr

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Cytogenic analysis was performed in 92 newly diagnosed transitional cell bladder carcinomas and the results were correlated with the clinical course in superficial tumours. Low grade tumours appeared to have hypodiploid or peridiploid chromosomal numbers. Intermediate grade tumours were characterised by chromosomal counts up to the hyperdiploid range but could have a peridiploid modal number. In high grade tumours the modal number was hyperdiploid. The range in chromosomal counts appeared to be more reliable than the modal number as a predictor of the course of superficial tumours. The significant difference in chromosome numbers between low, intermediate and high grade tumours indicates that grading reflects major cytogenetic changes in the tumour cell

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—In a prospective randomised study the effect of flutamide 750 mg daily was compared with that of stilboestrol 3 mg daily in the treatment of 40 previously untreated patients with advanced prostatic cancer. There was a good subjective response to both treatments. After 12 months, a response was demonstrated in 13 of 20 patients treated with flutamide and 8 of 20 patients treated with stilboestrol. The difference was not statistically significant. Treatment with stilboestrol caused more frequent, and more severe, side effects than flutamid

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—One hundred patients with carcinoma of the prostate have been treated by bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy under local anaesthesia over a 5‐year period. The indications, technique and results of performing the operation in this way are described. The procedure is simple, effective and well tolerated by the patie

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—We report 13 boys in whom the testis ascended from the normal scrotal position to an undescended position. A patent processus vaginalis was identified in 10 patients at orchidopexy and is believed to have contributed to testicular ascent. The other three patients had retractile testes which were held in the high position by surrounding adhesion

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—One hundred and forty consecutive cases of torsion of scrota1 contents were reviewed retrospectively. There were 95 cases of torsion of the testicular appendage and 45 cases of testicular torsion. Testicular torsion was more common on the left and patients tended to present earlier with more systemic upset in the form of vomiting, abdominal and groin pain than patients with torsion of a testicular appendage. Pathognomic features of examination were an elevated or ectopic testis in 50% of cases of testicular torsion and a palpable tender blue nodule in 21% of cases of torsion of a testicular appendage.We believe that it is often possible to distinguish between these two conditions and, where this is possible, a trial of conservative management is justified for torsion of a testicular appendag

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary—Sixteen of 149 patients complaining of impotence of a non‐neurogenic or endocrine aetiology and with a penile brachial index of>0.7 failed to achieve an erection following intracavernosal injection of 30 mg papaverine and 1 mg phentolamine. All 16 were shown to have a significant venous leak using digital subtraction cavernosography. Nine of the 13 so far operated upon have had a full return of potency. Repeat cavernosography in three failures showed persistent leakage into crural veins in two and non‐ligated superficial veins in one.Impotent men with a normal penile brachial index who fail to respond to papaverine and phentolamine have a venous leak, a curable cause of impotence. Surgical access should allow ligation of all identified leaking

ISSN:0007-1331    

DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb05066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY