摘要:

Actively dividing cells produce a number of proteins that may serve as useful antigenic markers in immunological studies of cellular proliferation and malignant potential. We investigated the expression of PCNA, p53 and c‐a erbB–2 proteins in transitional cell carcinoma of human urinary bladder using an immunohistochemical method, and compared the results with the histologic grades and stages. Immunohistochemical studies on these proteins using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies were performed with formalin‐fixed paraffin sections of tumor tissue from 40 patients with bladder cancer.Generally, higher‐grade and higher‐stage tumors expressed PCNA and p53 and c–erbB–2 proteins with greater frequency than tumors of a lower grade or lower stage. These results suggest that the detection of each antigen might be useful in estimating the malignant potential of transitional cell carcinoma as an adjuvant study, because of its applicability to paraffin‐embedded tissue sections and its simple,

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A bladder tumor vaccine in mouse models was established by introducing interleukin–2 (IL–2) gene into mouse bladder cancer cells (MBT–2). Mice injected with non–modified MBT–2 cells did not reject subsequent challenge of MBT–2 cells. Mice injected with IL–2–gene–modified MBT–2 cells (MBT–2/IL–2) rejected subsequent challenge of unmodified MBT–2 cells but not 38C13 cells, which have the same genetic background but different antigenicity. According to these results, an injection of MBT–2/II.–2 can establish specific immunity against parental MBT–2 cells in mice, which is also demonstrated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes assay. Vaccinations with MBT–2/IL–2 cured 60% of bladder cancer which had been pre–established in mice. These results suggest that tumor cells genetically modified with IL–2 gene can act as a tumor vaccine which is expected to be a

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background: Evidence has been accumulating that in many tumors, insulin‐like growth factors (ICFs) promote cancer cell growth in an autocrine/paracrine manner via the IGF‐1 receptor. In an effort to understand the role of ICFs in prostate cancer cell growth, we characterized the IGF system components produced by human prostatic cancer cell‐lines, LNCaP, DU145, and PC‐3, grown in serum‐free medium.Methods: IGFs, their receptors, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) produced by the three human prostate cell lines were characterized by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), radioimmunoassay (RIA), Western ligand blot, Western immunoblot, and Northern blot analyses.Results: mRNA for IGF‐II and receptors for IGF‐I and IGF‐II were detected in all three cell‐lines by RT‐PCR. In contrast to the published study, only LNCaP cells expressed a trace amount of IGF‐I mRNA. RIA on conditioned media collected from these cells revealed that all three cell‐lines produced measurable IGF‐II but not IGF‐I. Western ligand blot, Western immunoblot, and Northern blot analyses revealed that LNCaP, DU145, and PC‐3 cells expressed IGFBP‐2, IGFBP‐2/‐3/‐4/‐6, and IGFBP‐2/‐3/‐4/‐5/‐6, respectively. IGF‐II stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in DU145 and PC‐3 cells significantly although the effect was small. DNA synthesis in PC‐3 cells but not in LNCaP and DU145 cells was significantly inhibited by the IGF‐I receptor‐specific monoclonal antibody.Conclusion: These results suggest potentially important roles of IGFs and IGFBPs in prostate cancer cell growth, and that in particular,

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN)–alpha was administered intramuscularly at doses of 5 megaunits/day 5 to 7 days a week to 32 advanced renal cell carcinoma patients. To augment the antitumor effect of IFN, cimetidine was also administered orally in dosesoi 800mg/day. This combination therapy resulted in a complete response (CR) in 6 patients (19%), a partial response (PR) in 7 (22%), a stable disease (SD) in 11 (34%), and a progressive disease (PD) in 8 (25%). The response rate (CR+PR) was 41%. The pulmonary metastases were more receptive to IFN therapy than those at other sites. The median times to response were 2 months for PR, and 4.5 months for CR. The survival of the responder patients was significantly longer than the nonresponder patients. These results suggest that IFN–alpha and cimetidine combination therapy may be of use in the management of advanced renal cell carcin

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intra–arterial infusion therapy following alteration of pelvic blood flow and concurrent radiation therapy was performed in 13 patients with muscle invading bladder cancer (T2, 2; T3, 6; T4, 5). The internal iliac artery of the opposite side was embolized and the ipsilateral gluteal and obturator arteries were embolized by metallic coils. A catheter was placed in the ipsilateral internal iliac artery. CDDP was administered daily at a dose of 7–9 mg/body over 1 minute. Radiation was done by Microtron using 10 MV x–ray. Total dose was 4500–7060 cGy.Evaluation was done by cystoscopy, radiography and biopsy. Eight patients achieved complete response (CR) histologically. Others had partial response (PR). All CR patients had no recurrence. The observation period was between 3 and 29 months, with a mean of 11 months. This treatment modality is effective for locally advanced bladder

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BackgroundCystoscopy is one of the most important devices for diagnosing bladder tumor, but has a crucial shortcoming—the size of observed objects cannot be measured. This paper describes a new method to measure the position and size of a bladder tumor using a three–dimensional mapping device.MethodsThe three–dimensional mapping device, which is connected to an endoscope prior to use, can precisely measure the size and show the position of a bladder tumor. It consists of several arms connected by an angle sensor mounted on the articular site. One end of the device is fixed to the table and the other end is connected to the eye piece of an endoscope. Weight balancers keep each arm in a well balanced position, so urologists can freely manipulate the endoscope. Data from the angle sensor is sent to a personal computer (PC), which computes data such as three–dimensional coordination and diameter of a tumor. The diameter of a tumor is calculated by the PC according to the Pythagorean theorem.ConclusionThe position and size of a bladder tumor can be measured using our three–dimensional mappi

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background: Physiological erection of the penis requires multiple mechanisms causing an increase in the arterial blood influx into, and decrease in the venous drainage out of the cavernous space.Methods: We investigated the extent and location of the venous occlusion that occurs with penile erection within (intrinsic mechanism) and outside (extrinsic mechanism) the corpus cavernosum penis, using 15 adult male mongrel dogs. Under controlled flows produced by a combination of aortic ligation and constant infusion of saline into the corpus cavernosum penis, or into the deep dorsal vein, pressures within the cavernous space or deep dorsal vein were measured before and after electrical stimulation of the pelvic splanchnic (pelvic nerve), the hypogastric, and pudendal nerve. An increase in pressure following nerve stimulations represented an increase in outflow resistance due to occlusion of the venous system. Pre‐ and post‐stimulation radiologic evaluations were performed to determine the site(s) of venous occlusion.Results: Unilateral stimulation of the pelvic nerve caused leftward shift of the corporeal pressure‐flow curve. Bilateral stimulation of the pudendal nerve caused a marked rise in deep dorsal vein pressure.Conclusions: Both intrinsic and extrinsic venous occlusion mechanisms exist and that the former is activated primarily by unilateral stimulation of the pelvic nerve and the latter by bilateral stimulation of the pudendal nerve. The occlusion site for the extrinsic mechanism was localized to where the dorsal vein penetrates the muscles at the base of the pelvis, whereas the precise site for the intrinsic mechanism could not be deter

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease among the aged male population. A variety of symptoms are mainly caused by obstructive changes at the prostatic urethra. Transurethral resection (TURP) has been the gold standard of treatment, but new equipment and methods such as TUMT, HIFU, TUNA, and laser prostatectomy have been developed and are being tested for clinical application. Our experience with new equipment and methods show that their effectiveness has yet to be conclusively evaluated by objective parameters, while subjective improvements have been seen with less invasive treatments such as TUMT, HIFU and TUNA. Laser prostatectomy confirmed its advantages in hemostasis but comparison of each treatment is difficult because of different pathological changes created by different energy sources shown by MRI. Further studies are required to examine the new equipment and methods and for identification of the treatment of choice for BPH.

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since 1992, we have been performing VLAP using a right–angle laser delivery system (Urolase) for BPH patients with significant underlying nonurological diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and maligant diseases. Sufficient clinical results have been obtained without major complications during short–term and long–term observation.In this study, we discuss the clinical advantages and safety of VLAP, compared with TURP, through analysis of the clinical procedure for VLAP for patients treated with anticoagulant agents such as waríarin.In our study of 40 patients, 8 patients were treated with anticoagulants for cardiovascular disease. During the procedure and after the operation, no significant complications were encountered except for transient postoperative bleeding.The 8 patients who received simultaneous anticoagulant therapy also underwent TURP to draw a comparison. The time taken for the procedure and the volume of the blood loss were significantly reduced by VLAP.The hemostatic nature of YAG laser energy seems to result in a technical improvement over conventional I URP for patients undergoing anticoagulant t

ISSN:0919-8172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY