摘要:

Network analytic techniques are used to examine the early development of interconnected subgroups (or cliques) within the advisory networks of Presidents Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter. Analysis of subgroups is important because such groups tend to be comprised of individuals who exert a tremendous influence over the policy process by controlling the information flow, shaping alternatives, and suggesting solutions to the president. Examining the effects of institutional and personalistic influences on emerging clique patterns, this study finds that both presidential management style and institutional constraints affect the number, size, strength, and membership of subgroups. Moreover, this structural analysis suggests that some of the problems experienced by these presidents can be traced to the types of groups formed at the outset of their administrations.

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mass media are an integral part of the contemporary presidency, yet the empirically‐based scholarship analyzing the relationship between presidents and the media tends to be confined to campaign environments rather than to the context of governing. This essay begins to rectify that situation by providing a preliminary analysis of mediated speech in the first year of presidential administrations. Presidents Carter through Clinton are included in the analysis. The findings indicate the growth of the media as an audience for presidential speech, and a tendency for presidents to bifurcate their speech into specific policy appeals presented to narrowly defined audiences on the one handandgeneralizedappeals forpersonalizedsupport presented to broadly defined national audiences on the other han

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is no shortage of works on political parties and their relationship to governing institutions and political behavior. But unlike the study of legislatures, the courts, executives, or voters, party analysis has proceeded in a segregated fashion. Indeed, few integrative models have been advanced linking what parties are, what they do, and why they matter both normatively and empirically. In this paper we argue that four conceptual battlegrounds best summarize these works, and that within each there are common threads. Party scholarship has really been fought on three terrains: party organization and activities, party values and culture, and the party context. Before definitive answers can be reached and integrative models developed, scholars must first ask the same questions, and in the same language.

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1992 election brought a record number of women to the US Congress. The object of this research is to determine whether the increased number of women had an impact on legislative outcomes. This paper tests the idea that the women of the 103rd Congress voted differently than their male colleagues. The findings indicate that there is a gender gap in the voting behavior of male and female members of Congress, particularly on legislative issues where women have been found to be more liberal than men, such as social policy, defense, and gun control. Results also show that there is a women's voting bloc that often crosses party lines.

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This essay analyzes the applicability of the conventional understanding of the role of money in elections for the House of Representatives. While the conventional wisdom is not incorrect, it is better viewed as incomplete. A substantial body of literature exists investigating the role of challenger's, incumbent's and open seat candidate's campaign expenditures on the probability of electoral success. The thrust of the research has been on incumbent/challenger races for the House of Representatives. The research presented here focuses on open seat races to avoid the cumbersome, albeit interesting and substantial, impact of incumbency. Money is an important factor, here the conventional wisdom is correct, but its effect is neither all‐encompassing nor static; the impact varies with differing situations. In addition, relative campaign expenditures are more significant than the literature would lead one to believe. Individual campaign expenditures are consequential but of more importance is relative campaign expenditure. The levels of aggregate spending are meaningful, but of more importance are differentials in expenditures. One must comprehend that the impact of campaign expenditures varies with district‐specific factors and that disparities in campaign expenditures are substantial in understanding the role of money in congressional electi

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One of the most discussed and anticipated events in American politics is the occurrence of a national partisan realignment. Since the New Deal, analysts have predicted the imminent arrival of a realignment that would establish the Republican Party as the dominant party. The evidence suggests that a traditional realignment has occurred in the South, but that nationally Burnham's concept of “punctuated change” provides a more accurate framework for analyzing electoral behavior. Nationally, we are firmly in a Post‐Party, Post‐Industrial era of persistent divided government reflecting conflicting popular majorities on clusters of

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Each year thousands of professional public administrators are taught the principles of capital budgeting and bond finance even as state legislatures move to restrict the ability of those administrators to practice what they have learned. The local borrowing decision is increasingly made at the ballot box, where cost‐benefit analysis is not as important as a good advertising campaign. Public administrators have long recognized that more democracy may mean less efficiency. This review of the way twelve southeastern states responded to borrowing restrictions, especially referenda requirements, suggests that the imposition of such restrictions may achieve results that are neither democratic nor efficien

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research note examines the hypothesis that the impact of state legislative term limits on legislators' career planning varies by political context. A comparison of the career planning of legislative candidates from Michigan, a state with relatively restrictive term limits and a high degree of legislative professionalism, with candidates from Oklahoma, a state with less restrictive term limits and somewhat less professionalism, support this view. In addition, the data reveal substantial differences between supporters and opponents of term limits with respect to institutional loyalty and zdesiredcareer patterns.

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:LaMond Tullis.Unintended Consequences: Illegal Drugs and Drug Policies in Nine Countries. Studies on the Impact of the Illegal Drug Trade.Maria Celia Toro.Mexico's “War” on Drugs: Causes and Consequences. Studies on the Impact of the Illegal Drug Trade.Julie A. Erfani.The Paradox of the Mexican State: Rereading Sovereignty from Independence to NAFTA.Daniel P. Franklin and Michael J. Baun, eds.Political Culture and Constitutionalism: A Comparative Approach.Thomas Janoski and Alexander Hicks.The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State.Valery N. Soyfer.Lysenko and the Tragedy of Soviet Science,Leo Gruliow and Rebecca Gruliow, trans.Michael W. Doyle.UN Peacekeeping in Cambodia: UNTAC's Civil Mandate.John W. Harbeson, Donald Rothchild, and Naomi Chazan, eds.Civil Society and the State in Africa.Jack D. Fleer.North Carolina Government and Politics.Cole Blease Graham, Jr. and William V. Moore.South Carolina Politics and Government.David L. Martin.Alabama's State and Local Governments.3d ed.Chandler Davidson and Bernard Grofman, eds.Quiet Revolution in the South: The Impact of the Voting Rights Act, 1965–1990.Nadine Cohodas.Strom Thurmond&The Politics of Southern Change.Charles S. Bullock III and Loch K. Johnson.Runoff Elections in the United S

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY