摘要:

Four hundred and eighteen residents of “Middletown” (Muncie, Indiana) were randomly selected to develop empirical models of factors related to using the abortion issue in selecting a candidate for political ofice, for both pro‐life and pro‐choice people. Regression analysis was used to develop those models. For pro‐life people, social consensus developed within conservative Protestant environments related to abortion‐issue voting. For pro‐choice people, abortion issue‐voting behavior was based more on their political (vs. religious) views and there was less need for group support to do this. Among these pro‐choice advocates as well, young educated women were the most likely to translate their attitude position into a pro‐choice vote. Possible explanations for these results

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Does nature have rights? Can nature have rights? Should nature have rights? Is it sensible or nonsensical to talk of the rights of nature? I examine these questions here. I begin with a discussion of numerous approaches to rights, all sharing the common thread that rights cannot be applied to nature. Next I examine representatives from the current literature opposing and favoring extending rights to nature. I then shift to an exploration of conceptual change and the historicity of moral and political concepts and what this implies for present and future understandings of rights. I argue that rights can be extended to include nature and that this should be done. Finally, I present an outline for how such a rights‐based approach to protecting nature might wor

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the relative importance of national forces, local forces, and candidate‐related factors on the contribution patterns of national party organizations to congressional candidates. I test two macro‐level models: a Party Resources Allocation model and a Candidate Selection model. The results provide evidence for an indirect as opposed to a direct mechanism—party organizations provide financing based on the candidate‐related factors, whereas local forces strongly affect candidate selection. As a result, while evidence exists that party actors may be employing national maximization strategies, the strategies used serve only to reemphasize local as opposed to national c

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines 18 statewide term‐limitation elections held between 1990 and 1992 in 16 states. Three basic explanations of the term‐limit vote are considered: partisanship, race, and alienation. The results suggest that whites are more likely to support term limits than minorities, and Republicans are more likely to do so than Democrats. Measures of alienation yielded mixed results. An income‐based measure of the concept was inconclusive. Nevertheless, a connection between the constituencies of the term‐limitation movement and Ross Perot's presidential bid is apparent. The results also reveal that media framing of the term‐limitation issue may have affected the outcome in the early term‐limitation elections by intensifying voters' distrust of government i

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Few political scientists would argue with the proposition that incumbents take the initiative and try to raise their caseload level and thereby increase constituent contact. There is less agreement, however, concerning the success of members' overt efforts to stimulate cases. This study capitalizes on a unique research opportunity to explore the impact of one House member's casework strategy: overt solicitation of cases (i.e., newsletters) and reputation for constituent service. A multivariate probit model explains constituent requests for ombudsman service. The findings demonstrate that the member's newsletters are a relatively ineffective means of generating casework. Word of mouth publicity, however, contributes significantly to service requests. By developing a reputation for constituent service through second‐hand contact, the member can communicate his or her ombudsman role to constituents and thus more easily cultivate the distric

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Structural and cyclical causes of cutbacks in Florida state budgets include growing school enrollment and population; the state's corrections policy and Medicaid spending; an inelastic tax structure coupled with an anti‐tax political culture; and federal mandates, aid reduction, and court decisions. Given these stresses, the 1989 recession and resulting revenue shortfalls triggered a series of adjustments to the budget made up of quick fixes, tax increases, and spending cuts. These actions did not address the structural causes of the shortfall. Thus, Florida emerged from the 1989 recession in a weakened financial condition, with an unreformed revenue structure unable to keep up with economic growth, a public service less able to respond to the increased demands for service created by structural factors outside the state's control, and a physical infrastructure and human capital unprepared to compete in a global economy. The result is long‐term fiscal str

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

How an issue reaches the agenda is determined in part by which of several types of policy are involved, and each policy type is in turn distinguished by particular patterns of participation. This case study of Virginia's land use initiative tests both Cobb and Elder's theory of agenda setting in general, and Wilson's theory of the particular pattern of entrepreneurial politics within regulatory policy agenda setting. The results suggest the need for modification of Wilson's theory, which did not predict that both sides of the issue would engage in entrepreneurial behavior, thus neutralizing the expected pattern of entrepreneurial politics.

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study tests for localism in statewide primary elections using a sample of 197 candidates in 35 states from 1988 through 1990. Results show that, on average, candidates received 12.08 percentage points more of the vote in their home counties than in the rest of the state. Three determinants of localism are isolated: the size of the candidate's home county, the region in which the race took place, and incumbency.

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is an examination of the possibility that electoral punishment for a party's choice of coalitions does exist. Previous writings have inferred that this is not the case. It has been an assumption that voters forget their parties' transgressions. This frees the party leadership to negotiate in the coalition bargaining process without regard to the previous election's outcome. However, while punishment may not take place in all cases, it does appear to occur in some. According to the election results taken from elections following the postwar “Grand Coalitions,” it would appear that the leaders of small, lefrist parties have something to worry about. They are not free to bargain without paying heed to their supporters. it is therefore unlikely that they are unaware of their constrained position, given the party leadership's understandable desire to maintain a respectable presence in the next election cy

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research on national‐level multicandidate committees has discredited the notion that all PACs are alike. Doubts remain, however, regarding statelevel multicandidate committees. This research examines the differences among three types of political committees: political party committees, nonconnected PACs, and affiliated PACs. The results show that party committees and affiliated PACs are quite distinct from one another. However, nonconnected PACs share a number of traits and thus constitute a somewhat unique category of multicandidate committe

ISSN:0730-2177    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY