摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, resonant frequencies are calculated by the method of finite elements for resonators with anisotropic ferrite disks. The finite‐element methods with three electric field components are used in general for analyses of ferrite resonators with tensor permeabilities. A new treatment becomes necessary for boundary conditions of the electric fields at the edges of ferrite resonators. By introducing field‐assigned points at resonator edges, it is possible to calculate resonant frequencies.To examine calculated results, the resonant frequencies of resonators with isotropic circular disks were compared. Then the obtained results are compared with calculated results by other methods. It is noted that the authors' method possesses a high level of calculation precision. As a practical example, the resonant frequencies of anisotropic disk resonators loaded inside a below‐cutoff parallel plate waveguide are calculated. Experimentally measured data and the authors' calculated results have been confirmed to show good agre

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740701

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDue to the miniaturization of electronic devices, the establishment of the formation of quantum effects and the design methodology of quantum effect devices such as superlattices is becoming important.In this paper, it is attempted to consider the one‐dimensional scattering problem such as the scattering of an electron wave at the step potential and the tunneling effect at the potential barrier by a circuit theory. In other words, noting that the Schrödinger equation with time‐dependent terms contains complex coefficients, imaginary resistances, which are lossless elements, are introduced into its equivalent circuit.As a result, it has been shown that the circuit corresponds to a lossless transmission line when the electron energy is larger than the potential and that the circuit can be represented by a lumped constant circuit using reactant devices inside the potential barrier. In addition, if the electron scattering phenomenon corresponds to the circuit voltage, the conservation law of the probability can be represented by the effective power, and the transmission circuit theory is effective for the quantum effect phenomena. Furthermore, it has also been confirmed that the resonant tunneling effect and the eigenenergies of the single quantum well can be calculated by our me

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740702

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD‐guide) is a dielectric waveguide which normally is composed of low‐permittivity dielectric materials; but, if high‐permittivity materials are used, then the circuit size may be reduced. However, when high‐permittivity materials are used, then single‐mode transmission becomes impossible and some unpredictable phenomena are observed which have never been observed in a low‐permittivity waveguide.In this paper, transmission characteristics of the high‐permittivity nonradiative dielectric waveguide are studied theoretically as well as experimentally. Assuming that the presence of small air gaps between the dielectric strip and metal plates of the NRD‐guide, which cannot be avoided in practice, is the origin of these phenomena, the analysis has been performed which shows that a serious effect occurs even for extremely small gaps and the bandwidth of single‐mode transmission becomes very small. Ultimately, this makes the single‐mode transmission impossible. The electromagnetic field distribution in the NRD‐guide is also calculated and the curious phenomena are interpreted physically. Moreover, a trapped insular NRD‐guide is proposed which permits single‐mode transmission even if high‐permittivity material is used. An experimental confirmation is made of the usefulness of

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740703

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is one of the partial differential equations appearing in a number of research areas including mathematics, physics, engineering, and biology. Its applicable area is quite wide. In this paper, as a solution method for an NLSE accompanied with modification or perturbation (generalized NLSE), the path integral method (PIM) is used. The basic concept, formulation, and actual numerical calculation algorithm are described.The PIM introduced by Feynman is a nonrelativistic quantum mechanical formulation based on the Lagrangian form. Since the final formula obtained in this paper takes a standard Fourier transform type, it is possible to use the fast Fourier transform (FFT) so that a quantum jump in numerical efficiency has been attained. It should be noted that only one Fourier transform operation is needed per unit propagating section. As a generalized NLSE, a set of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a perturbation is considered. As a specific example of application, numerical results for optical solitons are presente

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740704

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA description of some of the measured characteristics of palladium switching contacts mounted on miniature relays is presented.For 100,000 switching operations of Pd contacts in the dc 30‐V, 10‐A resistive circuit, we measure the duration of each closing and opening are at each switching, the contact resistance at each closure, the temperature of supporting arm nearby the stationary contact, the number of bouncing at each closure, and the number of switching actions with normal switching functions. Then we compare the data with those data on Ag, AgCdO12 wt% and AgSnO29.3 wt% contacts.On contacts with duty‐making current, closing‐arc duration is very short and the amount of metal transfer is very small. On contacts with duty‐breaking current and those with both making and breaking duty, the large amounts of metal transfer that result will create a large pip and a deep crater on each contact pair.These large pips, deep craters, and the palladium oxide of true contact area influenced greatly each characteristic. Therefore, an obvious difference did not appear between each characteristic in nonpunched contacts and those in punched contacts.After several thousand switching operations, the real contact area consists of a large pip and a crater with a whitish surface; this contact area is made by metal transfer and is made of palladium oxide. It is discussed here that these large oxidized palladium pips and craters influence greatly arc duration, contact resistance, contact sticking, and shortening of the closing‐arc duration simultaneously with an increase in the number of switching

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740705

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper investigates surface‐discharge ac plasma display with high resolution. Even when high resolution was achieved by using an electrode structure with a wide gap between the upper electrodes, sufficient memory margin, high luminance, and high luminous efficiency were obtained. In a high‐resolution panel with a cell pitch of 0.15 mm, the luminance and luminous efficiency were 200 cd/m2and 0.14 1m/W, respectively.It was found that by optimizing the distance between the MgO layer and phosphor layer, the luminance and luminous efficiency could be impro

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740706

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the recent rapid advance in electronic technology, electronic components have become smaller, lighter and higher in performance. In connection with this trend, there has been increased use of the high frequencies due to increased speed of the devices. Under such situations, the interconnects between the electronic devices must be treated as strip lines. Especially, the through‐hole with a three‐dimensional structure indispensable for high‐density interconnects has nonnegligible effects on the circuits. Hence, the need for an analysis of its characteristics is acute.In this paper, to derive quantitative propagation characteristics of the through‐hole, a three‐dimensional electromagnetic field simulation of such a structure was carried out using the spatial network method and the results were compared with experimental data. It was confirmed that the simulated values of the time domain response and the frequency characteristics showed good quantitative agreement with the measured data. As a result, the validity of the simulation and the basic propagation characteristics of a through‐hole wer

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740707

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the advance of a high‐speed MOS static RAM (SRAM), it is considered a problem to measure the access time of SRAM more accurately. In the measurement of the address access time, it is assumed that a large number of address signals are all simultaneously forced on SRAM. In the actual measurement of SRAM, however, it is difficult to determine the forcing time of the address signals at the input of SRAM. Consequently, the foregoing condition is difficult.This paper considers the measurement of the address access time of the high‐speed SRAM and proposes a method whereby the forcing time of the address signal can easily be measured and corrected on the memory tester. In the method, the GND bounce generated in SRAM itself in response to the given address signal is measured in the reference SRAM. Then the variation of the address signal forcing time is evaluated quantitatively and corrected. The proposed method is applied to a commercial memory tester to measure the address access time in 64‐kbit CMOS SRAM with the maximum access time of 15 ns. As a result, the variation of the address signal forcing time is kept within ±100 ps, and the measurement error of the SRAM address access time with different testers is within 1 ns, which is satisf

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740708

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe electrostatic surface potentiometer has the feature that the distance compensation effect is included and the fast transient phenomenon can easily be observed. On the other hand, the noise is increased when a wideband is realized while maintaining a high input resistance. When a low potential is to be measured or the area of the measuring electrode is decreased aiming at a high resolution, a limit of performance is produced. The investigation of this point is not yet sufficient.This paper derives the formula for the bandwidth of the amplifier, which is needed in the design and construction of such a surface potentiometer. Using the angular frequency and the output noise voltage as the parameters, a formula is derived which relates the amplificationAto the capacitance between the sample and the sensing electrode. Those results were verified by experiment. The operating region forAandm(which is the ratio between the capacitance between the sample and the sensing electrode, and the input capacitance of the potentiometer) is useful in the design and construction of the potentiometer.

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740709

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA general‐purpose analysis method is described for a tapered waveguide circuit made of a cascade of several tapered sections. It is assumed that the thermal loss can be neglected and the tapers are smooth so that no consideration of multiple modes is needed. First, in each tapered section, the differential equation describing the electromagnetic field of the mode of interest is derived. By solving this equation, the F matrix is obtained. By multiplying all F matrices, that of the entire structure is obtained. The elements of the F matrix are transformed to the reflection coefficient. As an example, a circuit made of four tapered waveguides and three uniform waveguides is computed numerically. It is confirmed that the results agree well with experimental results. Also presented is a computer program.The unique feature of the present method is that in spite of its simplicity it enables analysis beyond and before cutoff with similar accuracy. The method also enables analysis without cumbersome procedures even if the taper shape is represented by various curves and the number of stages of tapered waveguides is increase

ISSN:8756-663X    

DOI:10.1002/ecjb.4420740710

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY