摘要:

AbstractWe describe the application of photostimulable storage phosphor imaging plates to autoradiography of samples labeled with32P,14C and35S. Imaging plates can detect a32P‐labeled sample at an exposure level of 1 disintegration/mm2, and14C and35S at 25 disintegrations/mm2. Compared to X‐ray film, imaging plates offer increased sensitivity of 15‐ to 250‐fold for32P and 20‐ to 100‐fold for14C and35S. Resolution is in the 0.3 mm range and is therefore suitable for any gel or blot

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA modernized schlieren optics system was applied to follow protein bands visually during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This approach is suitable for quantitative measurement of electrophoresis as well as for detection of protein bands because of the absence of distortion of the electrophoretic pattern during the staining process. The optics are also suitable for the detection of various background phenomena which usually escape observation.

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGas counters based on the multiwire proportional counter (MWPC) and multistep avalanche (MSA) technologies can combine the functions of imaging and quantitation (or assay) of radioactively labelled electrophoretograms and blots. Submillimeter spatial resolutions combined with good quantitation have been achieved for the most common beta‐emitting radio labels. The current state of development of this technology is reviewed and assessments of the performance of these devices relative to the more traditional systems (X‐ray film and the scintillation counter) presented. Particular attention is paid to the potential of these devices to enhance the productivity of the scanning of blots and the performance of ass

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbout 15% of monoclonal components or paraproteins are associated with malignancy when detected by simple electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes or agarose gel followed by protein staining. More sensitive methods for detecting monoclonal components result in a lower frequency of association with recognisable underlying disease. The sensitivity is dependent on the system used. Isoelectric focusing is 10 to 40 times more sensitive than simple electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal components. Electrophoretically separated bands may be quantitated densitometrically and at the present time this is the most satisfactory method for measuring monoclonal component concentration. Immunochemical methods for quantitating monoclonal components are limited by failure to react in a similar manner to polyclonal standards and giving problems of antigen excess resulting both in falsely elevated and low results. Electrophoretic methods must always be used in conjunction with these. The normal polyclonal ratio of immunoglobulin kappa:lambda light chain is distrubed by the presence of a monoclonal component. In 260 patients with myeloma we found that serum electrophoresis alone detected 90% while a disturbance in the kappa:lambda ratio detected 98%. However, 50 % of monoclonal components less than 3 g/L were missed. Log kappa:lambda ratio correlates well with the densitometric scan of monoclonal components, bothin vitroand in patients being monitored for treatment response in myeloma. This approach may complement or even replace densitometry for this purpose in the future.

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA numerical analysis of one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns of three separate bacterial groups is described. Similarity between patterns was estimated using a correlation coefficient and is represented diagramatically by the unweighted pair‐group with arithmetic averages method of clustering. Protein patterns were scanned using a laser densitometer interfaced directly to a microcomputer, where calculations were performed semiautomatically with specially written software. A method for the normalization of patterns from different gels is utilized. Whole cell protein patterns clearly distinguished strains representing various groups ofAchromobacter. Similarly the two biovars of the Group EF‐4 bacteria could be separated after analysis of partial „background patterns”︁ as could the different species ofProvidencia. In addition, whole patterns could be used to type the various strains ofP. rettgeri. These examples serve to illustrate the power, versatility and potential of the technique when applied to problems of classification, identification and typing of bacteria of medical interest. Its advantages and disadvantages, when compared to other available electrophoretic methodologies, are discussed, as is the future application of such technology to the hospital

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn isoelectric focusing method capable of resolving all groups of storage protein of the wheat seed, including the most basic low molecular weight glutenin (LMWG), was developed. Ultrathin polyacrylamide gels were used after drying and rehydration with 8 m urea, 50 mm DTE and 2.4 % carrier ampholytes (pH 4–9). Densitometric scanning of the isoelectric focusing gels permitted a more accurate and specific quantitation of LMWG components among various cultivars than patterns based on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two main genetic types (i. e.‘γ‐42’ and ‘γ‐45’) of durum wheats were separated on the basis of the proportion in LMWG in storage proteins, but no significant difference was found within these groups. Advantages of the system as regards reliability, high resolution ability to abolish protein oxidation and preventing reaggregation of LMWG we

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe process of quantitative densitometry is analyzed with methods developed in information theory. It is shown that the steps involved in densitometry,e. g.gel staining, mechanical, optical and electronic processing, as well as all the steps of data processing, can be viewed as communication channels. The factors affecting both the relevant and irrelevant part of the total information passed through these channels are discussed in the consistent frame provided by information theory. This view leads to a unifying context for analyzing the performance of quantitative densitometers.

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTechniques for automatic analysis of two‐dimensional electrophoresis gels by computer‐aided image analysis are described. Original gels or photographic films are scanned using a laser scanner and the files are transferred to a microcomputer. The program package first performs a compression and preevaluation of the files. Spot identification and quantification is performed by the chain code algorithm after appropriate zooming and cutting. Labeling facilitates spot identification and quantification in numerical and graphical (pseudocolor) representation on peripheral devices for camera ready output. Interpolation between measured basepoints is performed by cubic spline algorithms which are automatically switched on and off, depending on the need by the program. High speed analysis and graphic representation is achieved using fast Assembler language routines rather than high level languages. One‐dimensional gels can be analyzed using the same software. Spot matching between parallel two‐dimensional gels has not yet been impl

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reviews the CLIP image processing system for the complete analysis of two‐dimensional electrophoresis images. The analysis problem for two‐dimensional gel images can be broken down into three issues: segmentation of individual gel images, alignment and comparison of pairs of gel images, and information storage and retrieval. This paper describes these problems and reviews how the CLIP system handles each of them. Segmentation is the location and isolation of each protein spot on an individual gel image and also the extraction of individual spot data such as position, area and volume. There are three basic stages: background field correction, noise filtering, spot detection and information extraction. Alignment and comparison of gel images involves matching protein spots between two gels. This can be quite difficult because there is not a simple relationship which can transform one gel image onto another. The database issues concern storing all the information which has been obtained from the above operations such that retrieval of this information can be readily performed. The advantage of the CLIP system over others is speed of processing. CLIP series computers use one processor for every pixel of the camera image such that image processing algorithms run in parallel. The main disadvantage is in the cost of these machines. With the declining trend in the cost of parallel processors, these machines will become more and more viable alternatives. This papers reviews the algorithms for the analysis of two‐dimensional gels. It is shown that CLIP is flexible enough to perform more than one type of algorithm for a particular oper

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparing and analyzing a series of two‐dimensional gels by hand is troublesome and subjective. So far a number of systems for automatic analysis have been developed on mainly mainframe computers, using complex algorithms. This paper presents an inexpensive system, based on a simple Pascal program, to compare individual spots on two‐dimensional gels using an IBM or compatible personal computer in a qualitative way. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing two patterns of the same extract from different r

ISSN:0173-0835    

DOI:10.1002/elps.1150110512

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY