ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A questionnaire‐based survey of the practice of renal dietitians in the UK has been undertaken. The questionnaire was designed to examine three areas: nutritional practice, nutritional assessment and nutritional support. There was a response rate of 86% (61/71). Staffing levels ranged from 0 to 3.0 (median 1.0) whole time equivalents (WTE). The ratio of dialysis patients to dietitians ranged from 39 to 244 per WTE (median 134). Nutrition was perceived to be of low priority in four units, of medium priority in 25 and of high priority in 32. Dietary prescription was specified in three ways: by medical staff (33/61), as per unit policy (16/61) and as decided by the dietitian (54/61). Dietary protein prescription ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg/day (mean 0.71) in pre‐dialysis patients, from 1.0 to 1.4 g/kg/day (mean 1.08) in haemodialysis (HD) patients and from 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day (mean 1.3) in CAPD. The prevalence of malnutrition in all three groups of patients was estimated to be less than 30% by the majority of dietitians.Weight and height (56/61), body mass index (53/61) and serum albumin (58/61) were used most frequently to assess nutritional status. Urea kinetic modelling was used infrequently (HD 21, CAPD 4, pre‐dialysis 1). Nutritional audit was performed in only 14 units. This study suggests that the identification and treatment of malnutrition in UK renal units is of a low priority at present. This needs to be reversed and dietitian's should be responsible for this

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The roles of psychological and other factors in the treatment of obesity were examined in the context of a Community‐based Slimming Group (CSG), where some regular attenders appeared not to be benefiting as expected from the weight loss programme.A sample of 47 women from the CSG, who were about to embark on a 6 week weight loss programme, completed a series of questionnaires examining factors such as anxiety, depression, self‐efficacy, binge eating and nutritional knowledge. Weight changes were recorded over the course of the programme and at follow up approximately 1 year later. As a basis for comparison similar data were collected from a sample of post obese (PO) women who had at one time had a body mass index (BMI) in the same range as the CSG.Subjects attending the CSG showed a mean weight loss of 1.6 kg over the 6 week programme. This was greatest in those who were only slightly overweight, had not been to the group previously and showed only limited nutritional knowledge at baseline. Seventy per cent regained much if not all the weight or more over the subsequent year (mean weight gain 3 kg), with high levels of anxiety and binge eating the predominant psychological features of the least successful. Large initial weight loss was predictive of good short term success but a poorer long term prognosis. In general the CSG at baseline exhibited greater psychological problems and binge eating behaviour than the PO group, who (on average) showed normal psychological profiles and eating behaviour. However the means disguised a small number of PO women with quite severe psychological and eating problems.Overall results revealed a complex interrelationship between psychological problems, binge eating, dieting behaviour and wei

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dietary goals are usually expressed in the form of consumption of absolute quantities of specific nutrients. Translating such information into food patterns is difficult. Consequently it is not easy to convey these goals in the promotion of a healthy diet or to monitor dietary change in populations. This paper explores the difficulties and advantages of a food frequency questionnaire approach as used in a large regional health survey to describe food patterns and hence to monitor change in relation to dietary variables. There was considerable variation in the frequency of consumption of individual foods between different sub‐groups in the population and these were as expected. To assess the overall diet a composite dietary index was proposed. The index score was significantly associated with various socio‐demographic and lifestyle variables. Unhealthy lifestyles were associated with low scores (i.e. an ‘unhealthy’ diet) on the index indicating a measure of validity. However there were several limitations in the food frequency questionnaire method used: neither the questionnaire nor simple global indices of a ‘healthy’ diet derived from the questions used had been validated against a more robust quantifiable measure of diet; some of the questions were not specific for population groups of interest; some questions grouped foods in categories that masked differences in consumption and several did not correspond to recent food targets; and finally there was no energy adjustment, which meant that the obese appeared to have a healthy dietary pattern. The use of a valid set of food frequency questions as an efficient and practical way of monitoring a population's diet by survey is suggested. The questions must be validated against reliable measures of nutrients, and be compatible with food targets based on nutritional reco

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dietary intake amongst South Asian people (i.e. those from the Indian sub‐continent including Pakistan and Bangladesh) living in the UK is of particular interest because of the high rates of coronary heart disease in this ethnic minority. However, few studies have described in detail the social context within which food is consumed in this group and the nutritional composition of that food. In this study the BMIs, food habits and nutrient intake of a group of South Asian women were examined prospectively, using the 7 day weighed food record method and compared with data collected 10 years previously in the same women. Results showed that changes in food selection and nutrient intake were consistent with current dietary recommendations for healt

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A clinical audit was carried out to assess the effects of providing a pre‐treatment information pack on attendance rates and weight loss in obese patients referred to the dietitians. No improvement in either attendance rates or treatment outcome was seen during the period when this pack was provided, compared to a similar period when only an appointment date was give

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY