ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This review considers the published evidence concerning the suggestion that the risk of acquiring cancer may be reduced by antioxidants found in fruit and vegetables. Evidence from studies of different designs is systematically reviewed: ecological studies; case controlled studies; cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. The mechanisms whereby antioxidant vitamins may inhibit neoplasia are indicated. Although evidence supports the view that eating plenty of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of acquiring cancer, the role of antioxidants in this protective effect is still unproven.

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A semi‐elemental energy‐dense enteral feed was evaluated to determine its effect on nutritional repletion and tolerance in a diverse group of patients with malabsorption and/or disease‐related malnutrition. Forty‐nine patients (26 male, 23 female) entered and completed this multicentre study. Mean daily energy requirements were 2107 kcals of which 1704 kcals were prescribed from the enteral feed. Mean daily energy intake from the feed was 1472 kcals and patients consumed the feed for a mean of 13.2 days either as sole source of nutrition or as a supplement. Body weight changes were related to duration of feeding: patients who were fed for more than 14 days experienced a mean increase in body weight of 0.56 kg. Biochemical parameters of nutritional status, i.e. mean total protein and serum albumin, improved during the feeding period. Tolerance of the feed and clinical response to feeding were satisfactory. In patients with malabsorption and/or malnutrition a semi‐elemental enteral feed represents a viable and palatable alternative to elemental diets when everyday food and whole protein feeds are not

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was set up to investigate the nutritional status of children with hearing and visual impairments and to identify factors related to this nutritional status. A population‐hased survey was conducted to identify children with hearing and visual impairment aged 6–10 years attending schools for children with disabilities or residing in institutions that care for them throughout Lebanon[n =185 children). Two comparison groups of age and sex‐matched children in public and private schools in the same neighbourhood of the disabled children were also selected (n = 370 children). Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were taken as well as data on determinants of nutritional status such as father's occupation, disability type, institutionalization status, and mental well‐being. Results showed that children with sensory disabilities came from lower social classes, had more siblings, and displayed more aggressive behaviour. Anthropometric measurements showed that children with sensory disabilities were a nutritionally disadvantaged group with regard to their peers and to the US NCHS reference population, and that living within an institution was a major determinant of poor nutritional status. Intervention strategies in this regard are cal

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements of body weight and skeletal size were collected from 215 tenants living in sheltered housing in Scotland, and compared with data from a study of 890 men and women, aged over 65 and living at home in Nottingham. A comparison between these two sets of information indicates that differences in mean weights were marginal, but that in those living in sheltered housing in Scotland (who were significantly older,P<0.001) demispan was shorter[P<0.001) and weight for size was greater[P<0.001). Results indicate that those living in sheltered housing in Scotland maintained body weight slightly better than their counterparts living at home, despite being in poorer health. Improved maintenance of body weight in those of greater age and poorer health may be due to the practical and social support provided in sheltered housing. While caution is required where data from two separate geographical regions are compared and while further support may be advisable for some, it appears that sheltered housing plays a role in the maintenance of nutritional status as age and frailty increase.

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Personal interviews with headteachers and survey questionnaires from school staff were used to determine the extent of the use of sweets as rewards in six mainstream infant and junior and two special schools (for children with physical and behavioural difficulties) in Calderdale. The 96 questionnaires returned indicated that 41% of teachers used sweets as rewards occasionally and 3% used them often, with use markedly higher in special schools. Nine per cent of special school staff ranked sweets the most effective reward. Sweets were more likely to be given to children aged 5–7 years. Other uses of sweets included use to calm upset children by 7% of staff, and on special occasions such as birthdays and Christmas (83%). Policies on the consumption of sweets from home varied from an outright ban to no policy. The use of sweets as rewards is established as common practice in these Calderdale schools. This needs to be questioned in view of the risks to psychological health from the promotion of the association of sweets with achievement and comfort, and the risks to dental health from encouraging the eating of sweet

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY