ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increasing the dietary fibre intake of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is common practice, even though the therapeutic benefits of this form of treatment have not been confirmed by clinical trials. Studies evaluating the effect of cereal fibre on the symptoms of IBS are analysed critically with particular reference to the methodology. It is concluded that no consensus on the efficacy of fibre treatment in IBS can be reached due to variations in methodology employed and the existence of symptom‐specific sub‐groups of the disorder. Future studies need careful planning and standardisat

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The elderly mentally ill with advanced stages of dementia are nutritionally at risk in both how they are fed and what they eat. This risk increases with a behaviour feeding problem or swallowing difficulties. Nevertheless it is common practice in institutions to alter the texture of the diet to a mechanically soft, minced or liquidized form. By such an alteration, these patients may be at a greater risk of developing swallowing problems than if a textured soft diet were used. The textured soft diet consists of soft food (soft enough to be mashed with a fork) but not liquidized. Mixed dishes with large pieces of food or food with different consistencies are excluded. Sticky foods may also cause problems with some patients. Correct feeding techniques are important, i.e. correct positioning, a relaxed environment, patient orientation, appropriate utensils and careful control of amount and rate of feeding. Multi‐disciplinary team work (involving the nursing staff, occupational therapist, speech and language therapist and dietitian) is therefore needed to prevent nutritional problems arising from feeding difficulties. A pilot study was undertaken to establish if these principles were being put into practice in a general psychiatric hospital. Having identified a number of poor practices, a brief staff training programme was implemente

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of the World Health Organisation MONICA project the nutrient intakes of more than 2000 men and women (aged 25–64) were assessed in two cross‐sectional surveys carried out in North Glasgow in 1986 and 1989. Mean energy and nutrient intakes were calculated from food frequency questionnaires and results are reported for each survey year for men and women who received only a school education and those who claimed to have completed further education. Mean energy intakes were lower in all groups in 1989 compared with 1986. Men with only a school education had higher mean intakes of energy, starch, total fat, saturated fat, retinol and cholesterol than men who went on to further education. Men and women who had only a school education had lower mean total fibre and vitamin C intakes than those educated beyond school. The percentage contribution of total fat to energy was higher than recent government recommendations in women but was within the guidelines for both groups of men. However alcohol consumption was generally high in both groups of men and this will have contributed to the comparatively low percentage of energy from fat.Although the quality of the diet was generally better in those who had received further education, the only evidence of an improvement in diet from 1986 to 1989 was in a lower percentage of energy from total fat and saturated

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two hundred and thirty‐five tenants living in sheltered housing in Scotland were surveyed to identify the extent of under‐nutrition and the social factors which contribute to its development. A validated 24 h recall and the nutrient checklist published by NAGE were used to evaluate patterns of dietary intake. A questionnaire was developed which included scales designed to measure depression, social engagement, cognitive function, mobility and functional ability. The results show considerable evidence of a number of major nutrients in which there were low intakes. In order to express the extent of poor nutrition, a nutrient score was developed where points are awarded based on the number of nutrients falling below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake, the Estimated Average Requirement or below half the daily Estimated Average Requirem

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The iron status of a group of 73 institutionalized elderly people, 20 men and 53 women, aged 68–95 years, was evaluated by means of dietary, haematological and biochemical parameters.Nutritional analysis revealed an average iron intake of 8.6 mg/day, which was below the recommended amount in 78% of the cases. However, the intakes of haem iron and of several promoters of iron absorption (as vitamin C and meat) were quite satisfactory.Haematological and biochemical data revealed that 7.3% of the elderly had abnormal values for mean corpuscular volume and for transferrin saturation and were considered to have an impaired iron status; 4.9% had deficient haemoglobin values and an impaired iron status and suffered from anaemia. Based on dietary, haematological and biochemical data, women and those aged a 80 years presented a worse iron status than males and those aged ≥ 80 years.The present findings show the importance of describing the nutritional status of the elderly population. Utilized in this way nutritional intervention can be used as an important clinical tool not only to prevent the occurrence of morbidity and mortality, but also, to enhance the quality of life of the elde

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adolescents have been identified as a group in which iron intake may be inadequate. Previous studies have reported values for total iron intake but few have reported iron intake from different dietary sources. Information on the proportion of dietary iron provided by different food groups provides a clearer insight into the adequacy of the diet and assists health education.This paper reports the contribution of different food groups to total iron intake in 379, 11 to 12‐year‐old, adolescents. Each child completed two 3‐day dietary records between January and July 1990, and was interviewed by one dietitian to clarify information recorded. Food tables were used to calculate nutrient intake.Total iron intake was 11.7 mg/day in boys and 11.2 mg/day in girls. The four most important sources of iron were meat and meat products (18.7%), breakfast cereals (14.8%), bread (11.9%) and potatoes (11.1%). Vegetables contributed only 3.4%. An appreciable amount of iron was derived from chocolate (4.1%). Less ‘desirable’ foods i.e. crisps, chips and chocolate together accounted for 13% of the total iron intake. The contribution to total iron intake by each source was similar for boys

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixteen patients receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding following a period of nasogastric (NG) feeding were investigated to assess acceptance and identify problems by means of a questionnaire. PEG was considered to be superior to NG feeding in terms of tolerance and cosmetic acceptance by 81% and 88% of participants respectively (P<0.001). Pain was an infrequent problem. Interruptions to feeding were consideed to be more common with NG feeding by 50% of participants; 38% considered interruptions equally common with both PEG and NG, and 12% considered interruptions more common with PEG feeding (P= NS). The time for care was equivalent for both methods. Seventy‐five percent considered PEG to have made a valuable contribution to enteral feeding. Leakage was however considered to be more frequent in PEG feeding by 81% of participants (compared to 12% who considered leakage to be more common with NG feeding;P<0.001) and leakage was more frequent at die junctions in the catheter rather than from the stoma. Thirty‐one percent of patients with PEG had needed systemic antibiotics for stomal infections. All patients with both PEG and NG feeding needed professional help. Sixty‐two percent needed professional help more frequently with PEG than with NG feeding (compared to 19% who considered that the NG tube needed professional help more frequently;P<0.05). We conclude that leakage and infections are major problems in PEG enteral fe

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1994.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY