摘要:

We have studied the impact of the introduction of a specialist dietetic service and colonization on nutrition and lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Nottingham, over a 3‐year period from 1990 to 1993. We performed cross‐sectional analyses of all patients attending the adult clinic (42 in 1990 and 48 in 1993) and longitudinal analysis of the 34 patients who were present in both years. Nutritional status improved in the whole clinic population following the introduction of a specialist dietetic service in 1991. The presence of colonization withBurkholderia cepaciawas associated with an accelerated decline in lung function compared with patients colonized with other organisms. Despite this decline, nutritional status was well maintained in both groups of patients. This study shows that the introduction of a specialized dietetic service can result in better nutrition even in patients with declining lung funct

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00455.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An audit of the nutritional intake of people with diabetes treated either with insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents, who had never been taught carbohydrate exchanges was undertaken. A total of 63 diabetic patients completed a 7‐day food diary using household measures. Results indicated that 70% achieved the dietary recommendations for fat intake and 30% the recommendations for carbohydrate intake. The majority of the subjects also achieved the dietary recommendations for both non‐milk extrinsic sugars and cholesterol, but they were less successful at meeting the recommendations for non‐starch polysaccharides and protein. The standards used were the British Diabetic Association Recommendations (1992) and The Dietary Reference Values (1991). These results compare favourably with other studies both of people with diabetes and the general popul

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00453.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A quantitative 92‐item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using photographs to estimate portion size, was developed from a 180‐item FFQ and validated by comparison with weighed dietary records of 80 adults. The main aim of the FFQ was to classify subjects according to their fat intake as a percentage of total energy intake. Correlation coefficients and classification of individuals into thirds for fat (g), percentage energy from fat and total energy, showed good agreement between the FFQ and the diet record. There was significant difference in the mean percentage energy from fat but not in grams of fat or total energy intake estimated by the two methods. Intra‐class correlation coefficients indicated a significant relationship between an individuals» percentage energy from fat estimated by the FFQ and diet records. These results suggest that the FFQ was suitable for classifying individuals into groups based on their percentage energy from fat and for estimating the actual average fat and energy intake of groups, and that the FFQ may be useful for estimating the percentage energy from fat for an indi

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00450.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Very little data are available on the diet of Finnish pre‐school children from the last decade. In this study, food consumption data for 77 1–7‐year‐old Finnish children were collected by means of 3‐day estimated food records. In the younger age group (<4 years), on average 15% of total energy was supplied by protein, 36% by fat, 49% by carbohydrates and 14% by sucrose. In the older age group (≥4 years), the proportions were 15%, 34%, 51% and 17%, respectively. Compared with the Nordic nutrition recommendations, the average proportions of fat and sucrose were too high and those of carbohydrate too low. Intakes of vitamins and minerals met or exceeded the recommended allowances, except for iron in the younger age group, and vitamin D in both age groups. Energy and nutrient intakes were compared among children with different proportions of fat in their diet (less than 30%, 30–34%, 35–39%, 40% or more of total energy). There was no difference in the energy intake per kg of body weight between the fat intake groups, and with respect to vitamin and mineral intakes the only differences were in the intakes of vitamin C and selenium. Only in the lowest fat intake group were the proportions of fat, saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates and the intake of cholesterol in accordance with or close to the recommendations. The results of this study support the growing evidence of the nutritional adequacy of a balanced, low‐fat diet for pr

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00454.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new «stacking box» method to study food choice is presented. Participants are required to select pictures of foods from a large selection according to differing instructions. The applicability of the stacking box methodology to increase understanding of factors affecting food choice decisions among schoolchildren was investigated. Forty‐four school boys from three different age groups were instructed to choose foods for breakfast according to different instructions; for example, «Make up a breakfast you usually eat» and «Make up a breakfast your parents would like you to eat». They were also asked for reasons behind their food choices. Milk, margarine, bread and breakfast cereal choices given in response to differing instructions were compared two by two using a non‐parametric method. Evident systematic components in disagreement of choices could be adequately explained. Aspects of taste, availability and habit dominated among reasons for choices for a usually eaten

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00451.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Aim: The study was designed to determine the effect of computerized nutrition information on consumer food choice in two workplace restaurants, one in which customers had to pay for their lunch and the other providing a free lunch.Methods: Customers entering the restaurants were asked to make selections from the menu on a computer screen. The energy, saturated fatty acids, non‐milk extrinsic sugars and non‐starch polysaccharide content of the meal selected was displayed graphically in proportion to the dietary reference values. They were given the opportunity to change their selected meal and the composition of all meals was recorded.Results: The nutritional composition of the first meal provoked 16% of customers to make a second selection. The proportion of energy in the first selection had been 31% higher for saturated fatty acids and 23% higher for non‐milk extrinsic sugars than the first selection made by people who were satisfied with their first choice. In their second attempt they succeeded in reducing both nutrients to levels similar to those present in the meals selected by people who had been satisfied with their first selection. Customers» selections for non‐starch polysaccharide and energy did not differ between the groups. The main changes made by customers to achieve improved second choices were to omit dishes (44%), add dishes (19%), make changes within a menu category (46%), and make changes from one menu category to another (26%).Conclusion: It was concluded that provision of graphical nutrition information on a computer screen could be used by a subset of the users of both restaurants to enable them to improve their menu selections to a similar composition to that selected by the other people who used the compute

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00452.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A national television report, highlighting the potential problems of «healthy eating» diets in young children, attracted 1033 requests for further information from the public. Requests came from all parts of the UK, particularly the South. There was genuine concern about this topic, especially with respect to vegetarian diets. Practical difficulties in supplying information after television broadcasts are also discusse

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00457.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY