摘要:

This study investigated the effect of attending day care centres on the nutritional status of 818 pre‐school children under 5 years of age in comparison with home based children, taking into consideration their social class. A random sample of 10 high class (HCD) and low class day care centres (LCD) was selected, in addition to a random sample of houses in high class (HCR) and low class residential areas (LCR) in Beirut. Anthropometric measurements and dietary intake data were collected. Attending day care centres, regardless of social class, showed that children in HCD and LCD had significantly greater height for age than home based children. When stratified by social class, a higher proportion of LCR had severe and mild stunting in comparison with their LCD counterparts. For high class children, being home based did not result in adverse effects on growth to the same extent as children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Dietary intake data showed deficiencies in most nutrients in both day care and home based children reflecting the same differences observed in the anthropometric data, i.e. a better consumption of nutrients by children in day care centres, particularly in LCD vs. LCR. Findings from this study show that day care service results in a better nutritional status for children and its effects are more pronounced in those from lower socioeconomic group

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In vitromodel enteral feeding systems were used to investigate whether bacteria can travel from the «patient's» stomach or intestine via the enteral feeding tube to the giving set and nutrient container of the feeding system when feed is flowing continuously through the system for 24 h. Further systems were also assembled to examine the effects that aspiration and flushing via the enteral feeding tube and/or the medication (Y) port have on the bacterial contamination of feed and feeding systems. Organisms were detected at levels ranging from 102–109CFU/ml (CFU, colony forming units) in feed samples collected from the distal end of the giving set at 0 h immediately after aspirating or aspirating and flushing. Fewer bacteria (102–105CFU/ml) were recovered at 0 h in samples from systems where aspiration or aspiration and flushing were carried out via the tube as compared with those where aspiration and flushing took place via the mediport (106–109CFU/ml). No bacteria were detected at 0 h in samples from systems that had neither been aspirated nor flushed. The test organism, CFU/ml) after 24 h. At no time during the study wereK. aerogenesorganisms detected in samples of feed taken from the nutrient container or just below the drip chamber at 24 h. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that one of the contributory factors in the microbial colonisation of enteral feeding tubes and giving sets with organisms from the patients» own flora is the practice of aspirating the stomach or intestinal contents to check the position of

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study was designed to investigate the response of people to nutritional messages written in different ways. For Experiment 1, positive and negative statements were constructed in which people were encouraged to «eat» or «avoid», with implicit or unstated alternative, or to «eat and avoid» or «avoid and eat». In total there were 64 statements; each was followed by a brief reason for the action and this was constant for each food. To avoid bias and ensure that the eight foods appeared on each questionnaire in a different order every time, the messages were set out in a Graeco‐Latin square. Subjects were asked to rate the messages on a scale (1–7) for whether they were «reasonable», «practical» and «compelling». Additionally, for each message subjects were asked whether they already perform what is described in the message. The type of message construction appeared to be most important for the word «compelling». It appeared that messages with a single element (whether positive or negative) were less «compelling» than those with two elements (positive and negative). For Experiment 2, 64 messages were written in which the first part was written as a command with a negative aspect followed by a positive one («avoid and eat»). The reason given in support was classified in four ways and written in lay terms or using more technical words. It was concluded that messages including medical terms were most «compelling» and that all messages were reduced in score when incorp

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed to determine whether providing advice on healthy eating at the commencement of lithium (Li) therapy would prevent weight gain. Twenty‐five patients starting Li therapy were given healthy eating advice (treatment) and 25 patients starting Li therapy were not given dietary advice (control). After 6 months of therapy, 14/25 patients in the control group gained weight; 5/25 gained>5 kg, whereas only 9/25 of treated patients gained weight, and only 1/25 gained>5 kg. The mean weight change in patients in the control group was significantly greater (mean +1.9 kg, s.d. 5.3) than in the group of patients given dietary advice (mean −1.7 kg, s.d. 4.6,<0.05). In addition, the mean weight gain in patients who gained weight was significantly less in patients receiving dietary advice than in the control group (<0.02). Dietary advice significantly reduced the mean weight change in females (<0.05) but not in males. However, dietary advice significantly reduced the amount of weight gained by male weight gainers (P<0.01). No relationship was found between initial body weight, age, Li dose, serum Li level or other medications and weight gain. This study shows that the provision of dietary advice at the start of Li therapy has a significant effect on reducing and preventing weight gain. It is therefore recommended that all patients commencing Li therapy should receive healthy eating advice if weight gain is an unwanted side‐effect of this

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind cross‐over study was conducted during two 3‐week periods. Two series of seafood products were prepared, one containing n‐3 fatty acids derived from fish oil triglyceride concentrate and one containing n‐6 rich sunflower oil in identical amounts. These products were added to the subjects» ordinary diet. After a wash‐out period of at least 4 weeks they switched over to the other diet. Twenty‐three subjects with borderline high blood lipids participated, five women and 19 men, with a mean age of 48±9 years. The inclusion of the n‐3 enriched seafood products in the diet caused significant reductions of serum triglycerides (25%) and of the systolic blood pressure of 3.7%. An increase in the proportion of long‐chain fatty acids in the serum phospholipids after the fish oil period was pronounced. Positive effects were seen on insulin and free fatty acid concentrations with a reduction of 37% of free fatty acids on the fish oil period and of 18.6% of serum insulin concentration. An increase of malondialdehyde concentration in plasma by 21% was seen during the fish oil period. The positive effects on the serum triglyceride and blood pressure are interesting from the viewpoint of public health with regard to the risk of the car

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary health care teams (PHCT), including the practice nurse (PN), now have a significant role in health promotion in the UK, which includes the dissemination of advice relating to food and health. However, reports suggest there is a lack of nutritional knowledge among PHCT members and/or problems in communicating dietary advice effectively. Dorset Healthcare Trust employs two full‐time primary care dietitians (PCDs). Their remit is to provide training in the field of nutrition to members of the PHCT, primarily PNs, in order to facilitate their role in delivering effective and consistent healthy eating advice. This small research study was designed to evaluate the impact of nutrition training from a primary care dietitian on the attitudes, practice and knowledge of practice nurses. There have been few studies or reports documenting this, which highlighted the need to evaluate the practice nurse training programmes in Dorset. Five practices of varying size were included in the study. Evaluation was undertaken by means of semi‐structured interviews with one practice nurse from each practice conducted before and after training. In addition a questionnaire was used as a tool to assess perceived nutrition knowledge and confidence when giving dietary advice. True/false statements and a case history formed part of the questionnaire which was completed both pre‐ and post‐training. Three 1‐h training sessions covering the topics of obesity, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease were planned. They were presented by the primary care dietitian to each practice nurse together with other members of their PHCT over a 3‐month period. The primary care dietitian collected feedback on each training session in order to monitor teaching methods and presentation skills. The study suggests that dietitian‐led training sessions are well received by PNs and can have an impact on increasing or updating practice nurses» knowledge about diet, particularly where their initial kno

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-277X.1996.00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY