摘要:

Weight loss is a common feature of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The aetiology of such weight loss is multifactorial; however the relative importance of factors involved is unknown. In order to test the hypothesis that a gross reduction of food intake is one of the factors responsible for weight loss seen in HIV disease, we prospectively measured food intake for 7 days in 11 male HIV antibody positive subjects and nine male control subjects. Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess nutritional status and fat absorption was assessed using 1–14C Triolein breath test. In the 3 months preceding the study mean weight loss was 3.9±1.2 kg. (s.e.m.) for the HIV antibody positive group. Protein and energy intakes were not significantly different between the two groups. HIV infected subjects had significantly lower mid‐arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and grip strength (GS). Fat malabsorption of a minor degree was detected in only three subjects. These data suggest that constitutionally well HIV infected subjects have reduced MAMC and GS in the face of apparently adequate protein and energy int

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy‐three patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were randomly allocated into one of the following three groups: dietary advice with follow up (DAF) had repeated dietary advice from an experienced senior‐dietitian, dietary advice (DA) a single interview with the dietitian and no dietary advice (NDA) a diet‐sheet alone without explanation. An age, sex‐matched control group was recruited from staff at an institute for higher education. Fibre was assessed by a food‐frequency questionnaire at the beginning and end of the 6‐month study, and by a 7‐day weighed food inventory at the end of the study.There was no difference between the fibre intake of the patients and controls at the beginning of the study. After 6 months there was a mean increase of 7 g fibre/day by the patients (P<0.001) but no increase by the controls. There was no difference in the intake of the three dietary‐treatment groups either at the beginning or end of the study, whether assessed by questionnaire or weighed inventory. Only 14 patients achieved a daily intake of 30 g fibre during the week they weighed their food.This study suggests that although simple diet‐sheets given to patients without further explanation have their limitations, currently employed methods of dietetic counselling appear to offer little add

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nocturnal supplementary nasogastric feeding in a domiciliary setting coupled with dietary counselling in 4 patients with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is detailed. The four patients were given nocturnal supplementary nasogastric feeds, for periods of 16 days to 12 weeks. In three of the four patients substantial weight gains of 4.3 to 11.5 kg were achieved and all four patients reported substantial increases in daily voluntary oral food intake.We conclude that this approach may enable the patient to be managed at home and provides a basis for further psychotherapy treatment.

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty pre‐menopausal women aged 35–40 years were assessed with respect to dietary calcium intake, physical activity and other factors related to bone loss (by questionnaire); bone mass in the mid and distal femur measured by computerized tomography; and leg strength and muscle size. Cortical thickness at mid‐femur was negatively associated with breast‐feeding (r=‐0.40). Bone mass in the distal femur was negatively associated with age (r=‐0.46) and positively associated with activity (r=0.44) and leg strength (r=0.42). There was no association of bone mass at either site with current dietary calcium intake (range 198–1511 mg/day), nor with body mass index (BMI), hand‐grip strength, parity, oral contraceptive use, smoking, or alcohol intake. Thus, in older pre‐menopausal women, activity apparently helps to maintain bone mass at the distal femur, a site of high trabecular bone content, while current dietary‐calcium intake has no effect on bone mass in the femur. Activity was most strongly associated with bone mass in the distal femur when it was defined as the total number of hours spent standing or moving (i.e. other than sitting or lying down), regardless of the intensity of activity.The strong negative association between bone mass in the distal femur and age in older pre‐menopausal women is of concern in relation to long‐term risk of osteoporotic related fracture, suggesting that factors relating to bone loss in this age‐group should be studied longitudinally. The apparent loss of cortical bone in breast‐feeders war

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patterns of food and nutrient intake in a sample of 97 adults in a region of Dublin with chronically high unemployment were examined. Food intake (g/10 MJ/day) of the upper and lower quartiles of intakes of selected nutrients were compared. Quartiles of fat intake were expressed as percentage energy from fat or as g/day. In both cases, but most notably in the former, the intake of table sugar was inversely related to the intake of fat. Again irrespective of the mode of expression, the high‐fat diets were characterised by high intakes of spreadable fats. The high intakes of sugar seen with low intake of fat (g/day or percentage energy) were not associated with an absolute diminution of macronutrient (excluding sugar or energy) intake or of micronutrient intak

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Given the present National Health Service reorganization, appraisal of the work of a dietetic department is of current importance. This study provides baseline information and outlines the work of a dietetics service within a district acute‐unit. The majority of dietetics referrals were from medical consultants and general practitioners whereas fewer referrals were received from surgical consultants and other medical specialities. Time allocation for the dietitians was predominantly either patient support (35.0%) or management, administrative and clerical duties (33.0%). Catering related duties accounted for 11.0% of the dietitians time.The type of dietary treatments reflects the general‐hospital's function, with most being qualitative in nature, and few specialist treatments. Patients failure‐to‐attend rate was considerable

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study assesses the effect of the introduction of a food and health policy on the nutritional intake of hospitalized patients. Subjects were selected from three clinical areas: ante‐natal, orthopaedics and care of the elderly. The nutrient intake of 81 patients was measured by one‐day weighed‐food intakes before the introduction of the Food and Health Policy, and again on 89 different patients after its introduction. Patients recorded any food and beverages consumed in addition to that supplied by the hospital. The introduction of the Food and Health Policy had no deleterious effects on energy and protein intake. The percentage contribution of fat to the total energy intake was significantly lower after the introduction of the Food and Health Policy (P<0.05). The subjects ate significantly less energy (P<0.005) and energy intakes were increased from food eaten in addition to that provided by the hospital. Analysis shows that this is not the case for the care of the elderly patients.From this study it would appear that the introduction of a Food and Health Policy did not deleteriously effect energy intake. In some cases the contributions of fat, carbohydrate and protein to the diet were improved.Concern has to be expressed over the total‐energy intake and whether this covers the requirements of p

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The predicted trend towards increased use of nutrition and health information in food marketing in the 1990's is likely to promote consumer interest in nutrition. In order to capitalize on this trend, the author contends that the dietetic profession should increase the priority given to nutrition education campaigns aimed at improving the diets of consumers. In practice however, the resources available to dietitians to implement substantial nutrition education campaigns are likely to be minimal, unless innovative approaches are considered. The author puts forward two suggestions for consideration by dietitians. First, nutrition education campaigns should use nutrition and health information provided on food labels and in advertisements as major resources.Secondly, an effective way of resourcing nutrition education campaigns could be by collaboration between the dietetic profession and the food industry. This paper elaborates these proposals and examines implications for the British Dietetic Association (BDA).

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comparative study of dietary survey methods led to the suggestion that the best estimate of subjects' usual dietary intakes would be obtained using a combination of different techniques. A survey tool was devised which comprised elements of weighed record, food frequency interviewing and 24‐hour recall. The aim of this methodology was to provide data from large‐scale studies performed by market‐research personnel which included the assessment of intakes of non‐nutrient elements of the diet, e.g. additives or contaminants. A field‐trial was conducted with small groups of recruits and an experienced dietitian performed the fieldwork and was able to assess the methodology as a survey tool. Results from the study illustrated the differences in average daily nutrient intakes between disabled adults (energy 5.83 MJ, protein 66.7 g, fat 57 g, carbohydrate 162 g), elderly subjects (7.53 MJ, 71.9 g, 80 g and 206 g) and above‐average earners (10.25 MJ, 93.2 g, 108 g and 262 9). The field‐trial supported the combination method as a promising alternative to existing techniques and suggestions are made for its develo

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of selenium in serum of an Italian population of 143 subjects. Data suggest that an adequate amount of selenium is consumed in the diet, since the level of selenium concentration in the blood is normal (70.7 μg/1), A correlation coefficient of 0.82 (p<0.001) between selenium concentration in blood and selenium content of the diet was found in a group of subjects in whom both variables were measured

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1991.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY